小鼠发情周期卵泡发育动态及其对超数排卵的影响  

Measuring the estrus cycle and its effect on superovulation in mice

作　　者：朱娜[1] 贾洪响[1] 刘晓坤[1] 赵晓娥[1] 魏强[1] 马保华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学 动物医学院 农业部动物生物技术重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2012年第3期276-282,共7页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA04020222-03)

摘　　要：该文探讨了小鼠发情周期中阴门状态、阴道脱落细胞类型变化规律、卵泡发育规律及其相互关系,并比较了发情周期不同阶段的超排效果。结果表明,采用阴门状态观察法和阴道脱落细胞涂片法,能有效判断小鼠发情周期阶段。卵巢组织切片观察结果表明,在发情周期不同阶段,小鼠的卵泡发育和黄体的生成与消退存在明显的规律性变化;小鼠发情周期中,其阴门状态、阴道脱落细胞种类及卵泡发育动态之间存在相关关系;发情周期不同阶段开始超排的小鼠,其配种见栓率和回收胚胎平均数均存在明显差异,发情前期显著优于发情后期与间情期(P<0.05),并高于发情期,但差异不显著(P>0.05),即阴门状态观察法与阴道脱落细胞涂片法均可用于小鼠发情周期阶段的判断,发情前期为最适宜的小鼠超排时期。This study compares superovulation efficiency during different stages of the estrus cycle in mice by investigating the pudendum appearance, vaginal epithelial cell type, and the follicular development dynamics, in relation to the estrus cycle. We determined the stages of the estrus cycle by observing the pudendum and making vaginal smears of the Kunming mouse, and ascertaining the follicular development by making paraffin sections. Based on the observation, mice in stages of proestrus, oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus were superovulated respectively, and their follicular developments and embryo collection results were tracked to ascertain the appropriate estrus cycle stage for superovulation. Our data showed that pudendum appearance and vaginal smears could effectively distinguish different stages of the estrus cycle and that ovarian tissue observation showed that follicular development, corpus luteum formation and luteolysis were regular during the estrus cycle. Likewise, during the estrus cycle of the Kunming mouse, pudendum appearance, vaginal epithelial cell type and follicular development were relational to one another. Superovulating mice in different stages of the estrus cycle showed marked differences both in pregnancy rate and average number of embryos collected. Proestrus was significantly better than metoestrus and dioestrus （P〈0.05）, and better than oestrus, but the difference between them was not significant （P〉0.05）. We suggest that pudendum appearance and vaginal smears can be used to distinguish estrus cycle stages and that proestrus is the optimal stage of the estrus cycle for superovulation.

关 键 词：发情周期 阴道脱落细胞 卵泡发育 超数排卵 小鼠 

分 类 号：S865.13[农业科学—野生动物驯养] Q954.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医]