一次超级单体强雹暴发展演变过程的观测分析  

Observation Study on the Evolution Process of a Supercell Severe Hailstorm

作　　者：李静[1] 周毓荃[2] 蔡淼[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2012年第2期1-7,共7页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象科学研究院基本科研基金项目(2011Y005);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206025)资助

摘　　要：利用FY-2D/E卫星和TITAN雷达观测,对2011年4月17日广东一次超级单体强雹暴发展演变过程进行了综合分析。由卫星云图和地面监测实况资料,可分析出云体初生、发展、成熟至消亡的整个生命史,从初生到消亡移动距离达到了600 km以上,维持了10 h以上,造成广东境内6个区县发生了降雹;云体在成熟期一直保持着一个孤立的椭圆形云团向东南方向不断移动,云体覆盖面积很大,长度达300 km以上,宽度达100 km以上,云体局部最低亮温达-75℃以下,为典型的超级单体强雹暴。从雷达回波演变图上看到,10-14时成熟期的回波一直保持"弓形",且"弓形"回波在整个过程中断裂过两次;雷达回波组合反射率图上出现"V"型缺口;整个成熟期出现了典型的有界弱回波区(穹窿)和其上的强大回波悬垂,以及有界弱回波区左侧回波墙;速度场上,东风和西风辐合是造成穹窿结构维持的原因,呈现了典型的超级单体特征。通过TITAN计算得到冰雹指数及风暴属性显示,该超级单体具有降强冰雹的潜势,其中降雹概率POH在10:10-14:10一直维持100%,这对超级单体风暴降雹的短时临近预报及人工防雹作业有重要的指示意义。Based on FY- 2D/E satellite and TITAN radar observations, the evolution process of a supercell severe hailstorm occurred in Guangdong on 17 April 2011 was analyzed. The satellite cloud picture and surface monitoring data indicated that the cloud experienced four stages, which contained primary period, evolution period, maturation period and extinction life period. The cloud moved more than 600 km from primary to extinction, and lasted for more than 10 hours, which caused hail in six districts of Guangdong. In the maturation period, cloud kept isolated elliptic moving to the southeast direction. The coverage area was very great with over 300 km length and 100 km width, and the part Tbb is lower than -75 ℃. All these characteristics indicated that the cloud system was a typical supercell severe hailstorm. The radar echo pictures showed that, at mature stage （10：00--14：00）, the echo maintained the bow, which ruptured twice during the process, and a ＂V＂ shaped gap appeared in radar echo combination reflectivity maps. During the mature stage, a typical bounded weak echo region （vault） , strong echo trailer above it and echo wall on the left side of vault occurred. The velocity field showed that the convergence of east wind and west wind was the reason of vault maintains. These characteristics are typical features of supercell severe hailstorm. TITAN calculated hail index and storm attribute revealed that, this supercell had the hailshooting potential, and the probability of hailshooting （POH） reached 100% and lasted for 4 hours during 10：10--14：10, which have important denotative meaning on the shortterm forecasting and nowcasting of supercell storm and artificial hail suppression work.

关 键 词：超级单体强雹暴 发展演变 雷达回波特征 卫星云图特征 

分 类 号：P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]