垫片提高抗冲击能力的应力波衰减机理  

Stress Wave Reflecting Attenuation to Improve Anti-shock Capacity by Gasket

作　　者：徐蓬朝[1] 黄惠东[1] 张龙山[1] 周平[1] 许冉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安机电信息技术研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《探测与控制学报》2012年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Detection & Control

摘　　要：引信零部件抗高过载冲击,目前大多文献和资料提到用弹塑性垫片材料进行缓冲、吸能,但是缓冲理论并不能解释垫片提高引信零部件耐高过载能力。为此,提出垫片提高引信零部件抗冲击能力的机理主要是应力波反射衰减,即机械滤波。根据应力波在不同界面的反射与透射理论,冲击应力波在通过结构件与垫片的分界面时,因大部分被反射而衰减,垫片提高被保护件抗冲击能力的主要原因不是弹性缓冲,而是机械滤波;垫片对于被保护件质心惯性加速度影响很小,却能显著衰减骑在质心加速度曲线上的应力波,降低二者的合力尖峰,并减少往复振动冲击的破坏。仿真表明:垫片滤波说比缓冲说更合理,并且,波阻抗越小的垫片,机械滤波效果越好;只要远小于有效缓冲厚度,垫片厚度对机械滤波贡献不大;使用不同材料的两层垫片优于同厚度的单一材质垫片,多层更好。Most of researches on anti-shock for penetrating fuze suggests that elasto-plastic gasket materials can be used because of their properties of cushion and energy-absorption. But the theory of cushion can hardly ex- plain that why the gasket can improve fuze parts anti-shock capacity. In this paper, stress wave attenuating by gasket was regarded as the major factor of anti-shock. The large percentage of stress wave was reflected at fuzeshell/gasket interface. The gasket had few effects on acceleration but significant on attenuating fluctuation of stress wave. The simulation results indicateed that （1） the less of the impedance, the better of attenuation; （2） the thickness of the gaskets had few effects on attenuation; （3）multilayer different gaskets were much better.

关 键 词：引信 冲击 应力波 垫片 

分 类 号：TJ430.3[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]