黄土高原典型流域土壤抗冲特性研究  

Soil Anti-scourability in Typical Watershed of Loess Plateau

作　　者：张艺[1] 李海光[1,2] 余新晓[1] 杨芝歌[1] 赵春光 黄海平 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]鄂尔多斯市水土保持局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [3]鄂尔多斯市工业与城市供水办公室,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2012年第2期60-63,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"黄土高原多尺度耦合流域土地利用/覆被对水循环的影响及水文生态响应研究"(40871136);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划"三北地区水源涵养林体系构建技术研究与示范"(2011BAD38B05)

摘　　要：以黄土高原吕二沟流域为研究对象,采用原状土冲刷水槽法对研究区梯田耕地、坡耕地、草地、梯田果园、刺槐林共5种土地利用类型的土壤进行了抗冲试验。结果表明:(1)研究区不同土地利用类型的土壤抗冲性大小依次为:刺槐林>草地>梯田>果园>坡耕地;(2)根系对土壤抗冲性具有显著影响,有根系土壤相对无根系土壤的抗冲性有明显提高,平均提高了44.02%;(3)研究区土壤随坡度的增大抗冲能力减弱,其中22°～25°减少幅度最大;(4)对研究区不同土地利用类型土壤抗冲指数在流域尺度进行了空间异质性模拟,总体表现出越靠近流域上游和侵蚀沟坡上位置的土壤抗冲性越大的特性,其中刺槐林地和草地表现更为明显。Five land-use types were chosen to study soil anti-scourability characteristic in a small watershed called Lüergou watershed in Loess Plateau using flume method with undisturbed soil.The results showed that：（1） The order of soil anti-scourability under different land-use types was： locustland grass landterrace landorchard landslope farmland.（2） Plant roots exerted significant influence on soil anti-scourability,and compared with soil without root,the anti-scourability of soil with root was obviously improved by 44.02% as an average.（3） The soil anti-scourability decreased with the increase of gradient,especially for the range of 22°～25°.（4） According to the spatial simulation of soil anti-scourability on the scale of watershed,it is greater as getting closer to the upstream of watershed and upper slope position of erosion gully,which is more obvious under locust land and grassland.

关 键 词：土壤抗冲特性 根系 坡度 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]