双季稻区冬季覆盖作物残茬还田对水稻生物学特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Recycling of Winter Covering Crop on Biological Characteristics of Plants and Yield of Rice in Paddy Field

作　　者：唐海明[1] 汤文光[1] 肖小平[1] 杨光立[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2012年第2期213-219,共7页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD95B02)

摘　　要：研究冬季不同覆盖作物还田后水稻生物学特性和产量经济性状的变化,对合理利用冬闲稻田,发展冬季覆盖作物,以及科学评价不同种植模式具有重要意义。本研究采用田间小区试验方法,研究冬季不同覆盖作物处理(免耕直播黑麦草-双季稻、免耕直播紫云英-双季稻、免耕直播油菜-双季稻、免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯-双季稻和冬闲-双季稻)残茬还田对水稻生物学特性和产量经济性状的影响。结果表明:冬季覆盖作物残茬还田后,早、晚稻分蘖期至成熟期,各处理植株根系、茎、叶干质量均高于对照,但与对照均无显著差异;早稻齐穗期和成熟期,免耕直播紫云英-双季稻处理穗干质量均显著高于对照和其它处理;晚稻齐穗期和成熟期,免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯-双季稻处理穗干质量显著高于对照和其它处理。早稻有效穗分别比对照增加31.45,37.30,15.25,28.60万/hm2,结实率分别增加4.83%、12.29%、11.35%和8.39%,千粒质量分别增加0.87,0.31,0.54,0.93 g,产量分别增加420.70,424.72,282.76,317.25 kg/hm2;晚稻有效穗分别比对照增加30.20,33.55,13.45,36.90万/hm2,结实率分别增加2.38%、5.03%、1.56%和6.05%,千粒质量分别增加0.63,0.72,0.38,0.78 g,产量分别增加248.28,427.60,179.32,455.18 kg/hm2。在双季稻田种植冬季覆盖作物,采用冬季覆盖作物残茬还田可促进水稻生长发育和干物质积累,改善水稻产量构成因素,有利于水稻产量的增加。To learn the biological characteristics of plants and yield traits of rice in paddy fields with different double rice cropping patterns will significantly benefit the exploitation of winter fallow paddy with covering crops and the assessment of rice cropping patterns.Therefore,the effects of straw recycling of winter covering crops on biological characteristics of plants and yield traits of rice in paddy fields were studied.The field experiments were conducted with plot field trial.The treatments included ryegrass with no-tillage and double rice cropping（T1）,Chinese milk vetch with no-tillage and double rice cropping（T2）,rape seed with no-tillage and double rice cropping（T3）,potato with straw mulching and no-tillage and double rice cropping（T4） and fallow and double rice cropping（CK）.The results showed that straw recycling of winter covering crops significantly increased the dry weight of root,stem and leaves of plant both during the early and later rice growing seasons compared with the CK.The T2 treatment had the largest dry weight of panicle during the early rice heading stage and mature stage,while the T4 treatment had the largest dry weight of panicle during the later rice heading stage and mature stage.Compared with the control,the number of effective tillers of early rice with T1,T2,T3 and T4 increased by 31.45×104/hm2,37.30×104/hm2,15.25×104/hm2 and 28.60×104/hm2,seed setting rate increased by 4.83%,12.29%,11.35% and 8.39%,1 000-grain weight increased by 0.87,0.31,0.54 and 0.93 g,respectively.Therefore the grain yields of early rice increased by 420.70 kg/hm2,424.72 kg/hm2,282.76 kg/hm2 and 317.25 kg/hm2,respectively.The number of effective tillers of later rice with T1,T2,T3 and T4 increased by 30.20×104/hm2,33.55×104/hm2,13.45×104/hm2 and 36.90×104/hm2,seed setting rate increased by 2.38%,5.03%,1.56% and 6.05%,1 000-grain weight increased by 0.63,0.72,0.38 and 0.78 g,respectively.Therefore the grain yields of later rice increased by 248.28 kg/hm2,427.60 kg/hm2,179.32 kg/hm2 a

关 键 词：冬季覆盖作物 双季稻 残茬还田 生物学特性 产量 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]