AM真菌对草原生态系统中宿主植物与草食动物互作的调控  

Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Inter-relationship of Host Plant and Grazing Animals in Grassland Ecosystem

作　　者：陈牧[1] 王晓娟[1] 豆存艳[1] 孙向伟[2] 林双双[1] 罗巧玉[1] 金樑[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市气象局,内蒙古临河015000

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第3期430-439,共10页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203041);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(lzujbky-2010-4)

摘　　要：丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)是自然生态系统中广泛存在的一种植物根系与菌根真菌的共生体。在草原生态系统中,维持家畜放牧是其最重要的生态学功能之一。目前关于AM真菌—宿主植物—草食动物相互关系的研究已经引起广泛关注,其中AM真菌与宿主植物的关系,以及草食动物与植物的相互作用研究已经较为深入,但有关AM真菌对宿主植物与草食动物的互作研究尚待加强。基于此,本文从AM真菌介导植物对放牧行为响应的角度,围绕AM真菌对放牧行为影响下植物的补偿性生长及其机制、植物形态的可塑性变化及植物群落结构变化等的影响和作用机理进行综述,以期为深入研究AM真菌—宿主植物—草食动物之间的多重作用关系进行阐述,完善草食动物与植物的相互作用机制、阐明放牧草地退化的机理,了解AM真菌在植物放牧响应中的作用,为放牧管理决策系统的建立和天然草地的健康发展提供理论依据。Arbuscular mycorrhiza （AM） is an important symbiont between plant roots and AM fungi in natural grassland. In ecosystem, the important ecological function of the natural grassland is to support the grazing animals. Recently, the relationship between AM fungi, host plants and the grazing animals has been paid more attention in ecology research, especially the relationship between AM fungi and host plants, and the relationship between grazing animals and host plants. However, the inter-relationships among AM fungi, host plants and grazing animals have not been discovered yet. On the basis of this, this study focused on the influence of AM fungi on the inter-relationship of host plants and grazing animals. Three mechanisms were provided to explain the inter-relationship of AM fungi, host plant and grazing animals. Firstly, AM fungi could regulate the compensatory growth of host plants on different grazing pressure. Secondly, the response of morphological plasticity of the host plant varied with AM fungi or without AM fungi. Thirdly, the plant community structure and plant diversity could be changed with AM fungi. Thus, AM fungi could regulate the plant and the grazing behavior in grass- land. This theory could be used for the reclamation and conservation in the over-grazing grassland and it will benefits for the grassland management and grassland healthy.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 放牧 补偿性生长 形态可塑性 群落动态 

分 类 号：Q948.122.3[生物学—植物学]