海拔对鄂西南烤烟生长发育及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Elevation on Characteristics of Growth and Development,Yield and Quality of Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)in the Southwest of Hubei Province

作　　者：王世通[1] 赵志鹏[2] 高致明[2] 王海明[3] 黎根[3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [3]湖北中烟工业有限责任公司,湖北武汉430051

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2012年第14期8054-8056,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省科技厅科技攻关项目(2006AA201C73)

摘　　要：[目的]分析鄂西南不同海拔烟田烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)的生长发育特点及烤烟产量、品质,为制定不同海拔烤烟生产技术规范提供理论依据。[方法]对3个海拔烟田烟株的农艺性状、经济性状及烤后烟样物理化学特性进行分析。[结果]烟田烤烟的生长发育、产量和品质受海拔和不同栽培措施的影响呈现不同的规律。移栽后不同时间农艺性状相比,前期差别较小,后期差别较大。高海拔烟田烟株因前期覆膜促进根系的发育,生长过快,到后期上部叶开片不好;中海拔烟田烟株整个生育期生长速度适中,上部叶片开片较好;低海拔烟田烟叶前期生长缓,苗期较长,之后生长速度加快,在生育后期达到正常水平,叶片开片充分。3个海拔烟田烟株产量、产值、上等烟比率和中上等烟比率均为:中海拔>低海拔>高海拔。3个海拔3个等级烟叶单叶重、叶片厚度、叶质重都有随着叶位的升高而呈增加的趋势。[结论]中海拔地区光照、温度条件较好,降雨量较适中,有利于叶片的发育和烟株的生长,其次为低海拔,最后是高海拔。[ Objective ] The purpose was to analyze characteristics of growth and development, yield and quality of tobacco in the southwest of Hubei Province, and provide a theoretical basis for drawing up tobacco mannfacturing technical specification of different elevations. [ Method ] The agronomic traits of tobacco from three different elevations, and their economic traits and physical and chemical characteristics after cured were analyzed. [ Result ] The results showed that tobacco growth and development, yield and quality showed different laws along with the changes of elevation and different cultivation measures. The tobacco agronomic traits of different times after transplanting showed a little difference at the earlier stage, and bigger difference at the laster stage. Under high elevation region, tobacco roots grew too fast at the earlier stage because of fil- ming, and the top leaves opening was bad; Under middle elevation region, tobacco growth speed was moderate, and the top leaves opening was better, and the yield was higher; Under low elevation stage, the tobacco seedling period was a little longer because leaves grew slowly at the ear- lier stage, and then grew fast and reached the normal level until the laster stage, and leaves opening fully. The tobacco yield, value, the superior leaves rate and the middle and superior leaves rate from three elevations was as follows ： Middle elevation 〉 low elevation 〉 high elevation. The single leaf weight, leaf thickness, weight per unit area showed increase trend of 3 grade leaves from 3 elevations along with rising, of leaves part. [ Conclusion] Middle elevation region has better conditions of light and temperature, and rainfall capacity is moderate, which is in favor of growth and development of tobacco, low elevation is the second, and high elevation is the last.

关 键 词：烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum) 海拔 生长发育 产量 品质 化学成分 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]