油气藏破坏控制因素与模式划分  

Control Factors and Model Division of Oil and Gas Reservoir Destruction

作　　者：屈泰来[1] 吴宝海[1] 李小地[1] 邬光辉[1] 苏劲[1] 孙启良[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《新疆石油地质》2012年第3期297-301,共5页Xinjiang Petroleum Geology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2008ZX05004-04)

摘　　要：讨论了破坏油气藏的主要因素,并提出了新的油气藏破坏模式划分方案。指出,盖层被剥蚀破坏、裂缝或微裂隙缝使盖层封闭作用失效、圈闭遭受断层破坏、圈闭几何形态发生改变、水动力冲刷、气洗和扩散作用、水洗氧化-生物降解及热裂解等是油气藏遭受破坏的主要因素。其中,成藏要素的破坏主要表现为盖层和圈闭的破坏,导致油气向浅部运移形成次生油气藏或直接运移至地表散失;烃类流体的流动和水动力的冲刷均可以导致圈闭内油气部分或全部流出圈闭;烃类流体遭受改造表现为水洗、生物降解和热裂解作用,使轻质油最终转化为重油、稠油和沥青。This paper discussed the major control factors of reservoir destruction and proposed seven types of reservoir destructive models, they are, denudated and destructed cap rock, invalid sealing of cap rock impacted by fracture or microfracture, destructed trap by faulting, geometric configuration change of trap, hydrodynamic flushing, gas flushing, diffusion, water flushing-biodegradation and thermal cracking, among which the destruction of reservoir-forming factors is dominated by destructions of cap rock and trap, which result in secondary reser- voir formation by hydrocarbon migration towards shallow location or direct migration onto ground surface and missing. The hydrocarbon flow and hydrodynamic flushing may allow the part or all of hydrocarbon within trap to outflow. Water flushing, biodegradation and thermal cracking make light oil transform into heavy oil or viscous oil and bitumen.

关 键 词：油气藏 破坏模式 控制因素 构造运动 盖层 水动力冲刷 烃类流体改造 

分 类 号：TE112.41[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]