围垦对长江口横沙东滩大型底栖动物群落的影响  

INFLUENCE OF RECLAMATION ON MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY IN THE HENGSHA EAST SHOAL OF YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY

作　　者：吕巍巍[1] 马长安[1] 余骥[1] 田伟[1] 袁晓 赵云龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [2]上海市野生动植物保护管理站,上海200023

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2012年第2期340-347,共8页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目;2010BAK69B14号;上海市科委重大项目;09DZ120010A号;10DZ1200700号

摘　　要：于2011年4—12月,采用生态学的方法,选择了长江口横沙东滩成陆区、促淤区和自然潮滩三种生境,研究了围垦对其大型底栖动物的影响。结果显示,在横沙东滩共发现大型底栖动物28种,物种分布为自然潮滩(22种)>促淤区(19种)>成陆区(7种),优势种为自然潮滩(6种)>促淤区(5种)>成陆区(2种)。大型底栖动物的年均丰度为促淤区(118.68ind/m2)>成陆区(100.67ind/m2)>自然潮滩(57.56ind/m2),而年均生物量为促淤区(35.71g/m2)>自然潮滩(27.56g/m2)>成陆区(1.52g/m2),三种生境大型底栖动物的丰度和生物量与其种类组成有关。大型底栖动物的多样性指数(H′、J、d)为自然潮滩>促淤区>成陆区。群落聚类和MDS分析显示横沙东滩三种生境的底栖动物群落之间存在较明显差异,同时ABC曲线也证实了成陆区和促淤区的底栖动物群落有明显变化,而自然潮滩的群落结构相对完整。以上结果表明,围垦导致横沙东滩大型底栖动物群落结构发生了明显改变。Using ecological methods, we investigated the influence of reclamation on macrobenthic community in the terrestrial zone, the siltation zone and the nature tidal flat of the Hengsha East Shoal from April to December in 2011. The investigation showed that a total of 28 species were found. The rank of the number of macrobenthos species were the na- ture tidal flat （22 species） 〉 the siltation zone （19 species） 〉 the terrestrial zone （7 species）. The rank of the dominant spe- cies were the nature tidal fiat （6 species） 〉 the siltation zone （5 species） 〉 the terrestrial zone （2 species）. The rank of the average abundance of macrobenthos were the siltation zone （118.68ind/m2） 〉 the terrestrial zone （100.67ind/m2） 〉 the na- ture tidal flat （57.67ind/m2）. The rank of the average biomass were the siltation zone （35.71g/m2） 〉 the nature tidal flat （27.56g/m2） 〉 the terrestrial zone （1.52g/m2）. The rank of the diversity indices （H＇, J, d） of macrobenthos were the nature tidal fiat 〉 the siltation zone 〉 the terrestrial zone. The results of CLUSTER and MDS showed that there were significant differences among the three different habitats. The ABC curves also indicated that the macrobenthic community of the siltation zone and the terrestrial zone had been changed while the nature tidal flat were relatively undisturbed. In conclusion, reclamation has significantly changed the composition of macrobenthos.

关 键 词：围垦 大型底栖动物 群落结构 横沙东滩 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]