土壤水分对枣树光合特性及耗水量的影响  

Effect of Soil Water Content on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Transpiration Water Consumption of Jujube

作　　者：魏瑞锋[1] 庄飞[1] 范阳阳[1] 刘西平[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2012年第2期107-111,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD88B05)

摘　　要：以3年生盆栽梨枣幼苗为试验材料,测定了正常水分、中度和重度干旱胁迫下梨枣树果实膨大期和成熟期的光合特性以及蒸腾耗水量。结果表明,在果实膨大期和成熟期,中度和重度胁迫均降低叶片的最大净光合速率(Amax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、光合有效辐射范围以及暗呼吸速率(Rd),但果实膨大期光合能力显著高于成熟期。果实膨大期中度胁迫使得净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)升高,但水分利用效率(WUE)保持不变,而重度胁迫下气孔导度(Gs)、Pn、Tr和WUE均下降。果实成熟期中度和重度胁迫均降低Gs、Pn和Tr,但中度胁迫下WUE不降反升。此外,梨枣树这2个时期总耗水量均随着土壤含水率的降低而显著减少,且相同土壤含水率下果实膨大期耗水量均大于成熟期。With three-year growth potted pear-jujube seedling,the experiment measured photosynthetic characteristics and transpiration water consumption of pear-jujube at fruit expanding and maturity stages under normal water,middle and severe drought stress.The results indicated that middle and severe drought stress both reduced maximal net photosynthetic rate（Amax）,apparent quantum efficiency（AQY）,photosynthetic available radiation range and dark respiration rate of leaves,but photosynthetic capacity of fruit expanding stage surpassed that of fruit maturity stage markedly.Within fruit expanding stage,middle drought stress improved net photosynthetic rate（Pn） and transpiration rate（Tr）,but water use efficiency（WUE） remained unchanged.However,severe drought stress reduced stomata conductance（Gs）,Pn,Tr and WUE.Within fruit maturity stage,middle and severe stress both reduced,Gs,Pn and Tr but WUE increased instead of reducing under middle stress.In addition,total water consumption of pear-jujube at the two growth stages decreased markedly with the reduction of soil water content,and water consumption of fruit expanding stage was bigger than that of fruit maturity stage under the same soil water content.

关 键 词：梨枣树 干旱胁迫 光合特性 耗水量 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]