2009年夏季九龙江口表层水主要化学要素的含量分布和来源分析  

Analysis of concentration distribution and source of main chemical elements in the surface water of Jiulongjiang Estuary during 2009 summer

作　　者：黄海宁[1] 林彩[1] 孙秀武[1] 陈宝红[1] 暨卫东[1] 林辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《台湾海峡》2012年第2期261-267,共7页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

基　　金：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2009021);国家海洋局公益性专项资助项目(200805064);福建省908专项资助项目(FJ-01-01-HS;FJ908-04-07);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2010J01260)

摘　　要：2009年夏季,九龙江口表层水COD、DO、PO4-P、DIN、TN、TP含量的变化范围分别为0.81～4.37、3.74～5.76、0.025～0.046、0.53～1.89、0.68～2.65、0.046～0.253 mg/dm3,平均值分别为2.38、5.09、0.04、1.30、1.70、0.10 mg/dm3;而Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As、Oil含量的变化范围分别为0.92～2.09、0.005～1.431、0.77～4.05、0.006 4～0.054 2、0.073～0.622、0.010～0.038、0.9～5.7、8.5～17.2μg/dm3,平均值分别为1.45、0.26、1.84、0.03、0.26、0.02、2.3、12.0μg/dm3.与1992年厦门海域水质调查结果比较分析表明:影响九龙江口海水质量的环境因子主要是DIN、PO4-P含量.应用主成分分析(PCA)方法对其污染来源进行分析表明:14个变量的全部信息可由4个主成分反映(特征值:7.24+2.06+1.63+1.25=12.18个变量),总贡献率达87.01%.第一主成分的贡献率为51.74%,主要体现了水体中营养要素氮、磷和COD的影响,其中COD、PO4-P、TN、DIN含量之间的相关系数介于0.778(COD～PO4-P)至0.971(TN～DIN)之间.第二主成分的贡献率是14.72%,在As、TP、Pb上的载荷分别为0.938、0.814、0.731,它主要反映表层水中重金属As的影响.第三主成分的主要特征是在Cr、Zn、Cu含量上有较高的载荷,分别为0.929、0.915、0.757.第四主成分的主要特征是在Hg、Cd含量上有较高载荷,且它们之间的相关系数为0.627.第三、四主成分分析结果表明九龙江口表层水受部分重金属元素的污染.通过PCA聚类分析调查站位间污染状况的相似性及远近关系,及对九龙江河口区主要化学要素污染来源的分析,结果表明其表层水污染来源可能是上游生活污水、生活垃圾未能很好处理就排入河流以及农业化肥污染和上游工业点源废水排放等.The concentrations of COD,DO,PO4-P,DIN,TN,TP in the Jiulongjiang Estuary surface water during 2009 summer were 0.81～4.37,3.74～5.76,0.025～0.046,0.526～1.89,0.68～2.65,0.046～0.253 mg/dm3,with averages of 2.38,5.09,0.04,1.30,1.70,0.10 mg/dm3 respectively,while that of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg,As and oil were 0.92～2.09,0.005～1.431,0.77～4.05,0.006 4～0.054 2,0.073～0.622,0.010～0.038,0.9～5.7 and 8.5～17.2μg/dm3,with averages of 1.45,0.26,1.84,0.03,0.26,0.02,2.3 and 12.0μg/dm3 respectively.Vertical comparison with the investigation results of sea water quality in Xiamen sea area in 1992 revealed that DIN and PO4-P,were the two main environmental influencing factors of water quality in Jiulongjiang Estuary in 2009.PCA results showed the four main components（eigenvalue： 7.24＋2.06＋1.63＋1.25=12.18 variables） can contribute to 87.01% of the total information of the 14 variables.The first component contributed to 51.74%,reflecting the effects of N,P and COD,and their correlation coefficients were from 0.778（COD～PO4-P）to 0.971（TN～DIN）.The contribution rate of the second component was 14.72%,and the loads on As,TP and Pb were 0.938,0.814 and 0.731 respectively,indicating mainly the effect of As on surface water quality.The main feature of the third component was higher loads on Cr,Zn and Cu,which were 0.929,0.915 and 0.757 respectively.The forth component had higher loads on Hg and Cd and the correlation coefficient between the two was 0.627.The latter two components indicated the surface water was affected by some heavy metals.PCA analysis of the pollution similarity and distance relationships between the survey stations indicated sewage,agricultural fertilizer pollution and industrial wastewater contributed to the water pollution in this area.

关 键 词：海洋化学 含量分布 主成分分析 特征值 污染源 夏季 九龙江口 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学]