海洋溢油生态损害的简易评估和综合评估方法  

Simplified and comprehensive assessments for ecological damage by oil spills in ocean

作　　者：杨寅[1] 韩大雄[2] 王海燕[1] 黄浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门大学医学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《台湾海峡》2012年第2期286-291,共6页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

基　　金：福建908专项资助项目(FJ908-02-03-05);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40976050);国家海洋局公益性基金资助项目(201105013)

摘　　要：通过对海洋生态系统服务的讨论,结合生态学及经济学的评估方法,提出对不同规模溢油事故的区别性评估方法体系:简易评估和综合评估.中小型溢油选用公式化的简易评估法,大型溢油污染事故则建议从生物资源、海洋生境、环境容量、景观文化开展综合评估,并分别提出相应的评估方法.简易评估在美国佛罗里达公式的基础上,进行了适于我国国情的修改,该方法对信息量的要求小,简单易行,其推算的赔偿范围符合以往的索赔案例,可在今后的中小型溢油中推广实践并不断完善.综合评估中,对生物资源的评估,实现了非经济物种的价值化;生境价值评估采用在我国鲜有应用的生境等价分析;环境容量评估是我国海洋生态损害评估研究相对较多的内容,在价值化时结合已有的环境规划项目,可使其在相关索赔中更为合理.景观文化是在以往案例中很少被考虑的非使用价值,随着生态损害评估方法体系的不断完善,应在今后的实践中得以有效合理的赔偿.With results from the discussion of marine ecosystem services in ecology and economics,simplified and comprehensive assessment methods are proposed for damages caused by different scales of oil spills.The simplified method could be used for small and medium oil spills.The comprehensive evaluation may consider the damages of biological resources,marine habitat,environmental capacity and landscape when there are large scales of accidents.The simplified evaluation,based on Florida formula,was modified to fit the conditions in China.It has advantages of less information requested and easily handling.And the compensation scope can conform to history cases and can be further optimized in cases of small and medium oil spills.In comprehensive evaluation,non-market species is valued for the evaluation of the biological resources.Besides,habitat equivalency analysis which barely researched in China is used in the marine habitat assessment.Environmental capacity valuation which frequently touches upon in marine ecological damage assessment in China,combined with the existing environmental planning project when valuating,could make it reasonable in related claims.Landscape was the non-use value which was considered scarcely in preterit cases,with the developing of the ecological assessment methodology,availably compensated should be got in the future practices.

关 键 词：海洋环境科学 溢油 生态损害评估 简易评估 综合评估 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]