加速器驱动的次临界系统生产^(233)U的可行性研究  

Feasibility study of ^(233)U production with Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System

作　　者：曹须[1,2,3] 何祚庥[4] 庆承瑞[4] 邹冰松 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049 [2]中国科学院大科学装置理论物理研究中心,北京100049 [3]中国科学院近代物理研究所,兰州730000 [4]中国科学院理论物理研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2012年第5期437-444,共8页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目资助(编号:KJCX2-EW-N01)

摘　　要：加速器驱动的次临界系统(Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System,ADS)是加速器技术和核反应堆技术的结合,其主要目的是应对当今快速增长的放射性核废料处理需求.本文初步探讨了在ADS系统中利用232Th生产可裂变核233U的可能性,估计了所需加速器的性能及其生产233U的产率和效率.我们建议用Be做中子慢化剂和增殖剂,将反应堆的中子能量大部分控制在1keV–1MeV,从而最大限度地降低232U的含量.也可进一步利用重水做慢化剂高233U的纯度.所生产的233U既可经分离取后在热堆中燃烧,也可直接用于钍基熔盐堆的初始装料,发挥233U优异的热中子性能.我们的结果表明,在技术上和经济上利用ADS生产233U很可能是可行的.我们的结果还表明,如果这一ADS系统主要目的是生产233U,所选择的次临界堆的最佳是快中子堆,而不是慢中子堆或快慢结合堆.最后我们建议对钍基核反应堆、233U的取分离工和辐射防护等方面的课开展进一步深入研究.Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System （ADS） is a technological integration of accelerator and nuclear reactor, and aims to cope with the increasing demand of radioactive nuclear waste disposal. In this paper we discuss the possibility to produce the fissile 233U with ADS and estimate the required performance of accelerator and the efficiency of 233U production. We propose that one should use Be as the moderator and breeder to control the neutron energy in the range of 1 keV 1 MeV in order to depress the production of 232U, and may further use heavy water as the moderator to improve the purity of 233U. The yield 233U could be burned in the thermal reactors after purification or used to be the initial loading of Thorium molten salt reactor so that the excellent properties of 233U in thermal neutron environment could be properly exploited. We show that it is probable to produce the 233U with ADS in view of the technological and economical aspects. Our results indicate that the fast reactor rather than slow reactor should be used if one of the main goals of ADS is to produce 233U. We suggest to further study the Thorium-based reactor, the technology of 233U purification and radiation-protection, etc.

关 键 词：加速器驱动的次临界系统  233U 核能 

分 类 号：TL503[核科学技术—核技术及应用] TL411.1