长白山自然保护区黑熊和棕熊种群数量动态分析  

Population Size Variation of Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) and Brown Bear (U.arctos) between 1986 to 2010 in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve,China

作　　者：朴正吉[1] 朴龙国[1] 王卓聪[1] 罗玉梅[1] 王超[1] 睢亚橙 

机构地区：[1]吉林省长白山科学研究院,安图县133613

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2012年第3期66-72,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30670389);中国人与生物圈委员会资助项目(1985);国家林业局动物监测项目(2007)

摘　　要：1986～2010年冬季采用路线调查方法,对吉林省长白山国家级自然保护区阔叶红松林和针叶林中的黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)及棕熊(U.arctos)的相对种群数量和幼年个体比例进行了长期调查。调查面积分别为4万和3万hm2。调查期间累计遇到黑熊65头次(2.6头/年)、棕熊46头次(1.8头/年)。各年度黑熊和棕熊的数量变动很大,总体呈下降趋势。黑熊的数量较20世纪80年代下降了93.4%,幼体所占比率从17.2%下降为0%;棕熊种群数量下降了38.8%,幼体所占比率仅为7.1%。黑熊和棕熊的种群幼体所占比例极低,说明长白山自然保护区黑熊和棕熊自然繁殖力很低,2种熊种群均处于极度濒危状态。栖息地减少和盗猎可能是导致熊类数量急剧下降的主要因素。The relatively population density and ratio of adult to young of the Black Bear （ Ursus thibetanus） and the Brown Bear （ U. arctos） were surveyed on transects in broad-leaved pine mixed forest （40 000 hm2 ） and conifer forest （30 000 hm2） in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve from 1986 to 2010. Total of 65 Black Bear （2.6 ind/a） and 46 Brown Bear （1.8 ind/a） were accumulatively counted. Both the population size of Black and Brown Bear varied greatly with a trend of decline. The current relative density of Black Bear had decreased 93.4% and the percentage of young to population had decline from 17.2% to zero since 1980s. The relative density of Brown Bear was very low （0. 021 -0. 029 ind/km） , and the ratio of young to adult was only 7. 1%. The lower percentage of young bears found in this survey indicated that both bear species were endangered in the study area. Habitat reduction and fragmentation, poaching are considered as major reason for population declined in the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve.

关 键 词：黑熊 棕熊 种群数量 长白山自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]