住院患者医院感染及抗菌药物应用的横断面调查  

Cross-sectional study on nosocomial infections and use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients

作　　者：张彦东[1] 钟劲松[1] 孙银香[1] 潘丽贞[2] 胡卓雅 梁雪芳[2] 梁亚琼[2] 谢卓华[2] 

机构地区：[1]珠海市人民医院药学部,广东珠海519000 [2]珠海市人民医院医院感染管理科,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2012年第10期2165-2168,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解某院医院感染现患率及抗菌药物临床应用情况,为监控医院感染、评价该院2011年抗菌药物专项整治成效提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查法对2011年11月28日住院患者医院感染现患率及抗菌药物的应用进行调查。结果调查853例住院患者,实查率为100.00%;医院感染现患率为3.87%,感染例次现患率4.10%;317例使用抗菌药物,抗菌药物使用率为37.19%,其中一联用药72.56%,二联用药27.44%;医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,头孢菌素类药物在抗菌药物的构成比占首位。结论该院2011年抗菌药物的专项整治取得一定成效,抗菌药物使用率基本合理,但仍需加强高危科室的目标性监测及加强广谱抗菌药物的管理,减少耐药菌株产生,预防控制医院感染发生。OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections and the application of antimicrobial agents so as to provide scientific bases for the monitoring of nosocomial infections as well as the evaluation of effectiveness of antibiotics special restriction 2011.METHODS By means of cross-sectional investigation,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections and the application of antimicrobial agents of the patients who enrolled in hospital on Nov 28,2011 were investigated.RESULTS A total of 853 cases were actually investigated with the actual investigation rate of 100.00%;the prevalence rate was 3.87% and the case-time infection rate was 4.10%;thee were 317 patients who used antibiotics with the utilization rate of 37.19%,among which single drug application accounted for 72.56%,two-drug application accounted for 27.44%;gram-negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens causing nosocomial infections,and among all kinds of antimicrobial agents used,cephalosporins were the most commonly used drugs.CONCLUSION Favorable progress has been achieved in the antibiotics special restriction in 2011,which indicates that the use of antibiotics is basically reasonable,however,the targeted monitoring of high-risk departments as well as the administration of the broad-spectrum antibiotics remains to be further intensified so to reduce the drug resistance strains and prevent nosocomial infections.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 抗菌药物 调查分析 

分 类 号：R978.1[医药卫生—药品]