孕妇免疫规划健康教育效果及影响因素分析  

Effect and Influence Factors on Health Education of National Immunization Programme in Pregnant Woman

作　　者：陈伟[1] 李永成[1] 朱向军[1] 高志刚[1] 丁亚兴[1] 万丽霞[1] 张之伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心,天津300011

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2012年第2期144-148,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的评价孕妇免疫规划健康教育的认知与行为干预的效果及影响因素。方法采用流行病学试验研究方法,将720名孕妇作为干预组进行免疫规划知识健康教育,另外选择720名孕妇作为对照组,不对其进行健康教育。对两组人群干预前后的免疫规划认知情况进行问卷调查,并随访其胎儿出生后1年内的预防接种情况,评价干预效果及影响因素。结果干预前干预组与对照组的全部国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗种类知晓率分别为14.41%、11.38%,差异无统计学意义(2=1.45,P>0.05);干预后知晓率分别为42.72%、12.89%,差异有统计学意义(2=161.98,P<0.01)。干预组和对照组儿童的1岁内NIP疫苗全程接种率及口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗、麻疹减毒活疫苗、流行性乙型脑炎疫苗、脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的单苗接种率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对不同人群特征孕妇的免疫规划认知水平干预效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对孕妇进行健康教育干预[比值比(Odds Ratio,OR)=2.41,95%可信区间(Confidence Interval,CI):1.76～3.30]和自身文化程度高(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.06～1.54),均可提高其儿童1岁内NIP疫苗全程接种的概率。结论孕妇接受健康教育后认知水平和接种行为干预效果明显,应加强对孕妇的干预措施。Objective To analysis the effect and influence factors of health education of national immunization program （NIP） on awareness rate and behavior change in pregnant women. Methods Experimental study of epidemiology was used to divide all pregnant women into intervention group with health education and control group, each group included 720 pregnant women. The relevant awareness rate about NIP was gotten before and after the intervention program, and the status in the first year of their babies＇ vaccination were followed up in order to evaluate the intervention effect of the health education program. Results Before intervention, there was no significant difference in the awareness rates between intervention group （14.41%） and control group （11.38 % ）（X2=1.45, P〉0.05 ）. After intervention, the awareness rate for intervention group and control group was 42.72% and 12.89% respectively, there was significant difference （χ2=161.98, P〈0.01）. As a result, within the first year there was significant difference （P〈0.05）between two groups children＇ s coverage rate of the full NIP vaccines which include oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine, measles attenuated live vaccine, meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine vaccination. There was no significant difference about the awareness rate of NIP among different population characterization （P〉0.05）. However, health education intervention （odds ratio, OR=2.41, 95 % confidence interval, CI： 1.76-3.30） and high education level of pregnant （ OR= 1.29, 95 % CI： 1.06-1.54） were associated with coverage of NIP vaccine vaccination. Conclusions The intervention program of health education can increase the awareness rate of pregnant women and vaccination rate of their children. The ways of health education program in pregnant women should be recommended.

关 键 词：国家免疫规划 健康教育 孕妇 效果 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]