丁应泰弹劾事件与明清史籍之建构  

The Event of Ding Yingtai's Impeachment and the Construction of the Ming and Qing Historical Records

作　　者：孙卫国[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第3期74-86,共13页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项资金项目(NKZXA10014)

摘　　要：1598年正月,明经略杨镐指挥岛山之战,因进攻受挫而撤军。前往勘战的明兵部主事丁应泰偏信杨镐部属南兵将领之言,先弹劾杨镐,致使杨镐被罢;朝鲜国王李昖为杨镐鸣不平,丁应泰再度赴朝,以《海东纪略》一书为据,再弹劾李昖"诱倭入犯",李昖再派陈情使前往辩诬,构成明代抗倭援朝战争中一个重要事件。此事件之根源,乃是明廷中主战派与主和派、首辅与次辅、南兵与北兵之争斗。可是,明清史籍却按照丁应泰的说法来叙述岛山之战的情形,贬低杨镐功绩,进而贬低明军在整个抗倭援朝战争中的战绩,原因乃是修《明神宗实录》者认为杨镐要为萨尔浒战争负责,故叙述岛山之战,也依从同样的思路,采纳丁应泰的说法,无视事实真相,这一基调竟然影响了明清史籍对整个战争的评价。朝鲜国王李昖被弹劾,也反映了明鲜宗藩关系的复杂性。In the first month of 1598, Ming general Yang Gao as the commander - in - chief for the Battle of Daoshan or- dered to withdrawal the Ming troops because of the frustration of offensive. Ding Yingtai, an official in the Military Ministry of Ming went to investigate the situation of the battle, however, he believed partially in the words of the southern soldiers to impeach Yang Gao at first time, then Yang Gao had been removed from his position. Li Yan as the King of Chosen dynasty sent envoys to Beijing to make complaint of grievances for Yang Gao. Ding Yingtai had been asked to Korea again to rein- vestigate the situation. Then, he impeached Li Yan to lure Japanese invasion by a book titled Haidongfilue, so Li Yan had to send another envoy to make refute, which is the event of Ding Yingtai~ impeachment as an important event in the Ming anti - Japanese war. In all, there are several reasons for this event because of the struggles between Prime Minister and other ministers in the Ming court, the officials supporting or opposing to send troops, and the southern soldiers and the northern soldiers. However, the Ming and Qing historical records, according to Ding Yingtai＇s opinion to describe the case of the Daoshan Battle, belittle the achievements of the Yang Gao and then belittle the entire achievement of the Ming army in the war too. The real reason is that the Ming officials who wrote Ming Shengzong Record thought Yang Gao should be re- sponsible for failure of the Saarhu Battle as well as the Daoshan Battle which affecting all of the Ming and Qing historical re- cords about the Ming anti - Japanese war. It reflected the complexity of the tributary relations between Ming and Chosen Korea that the King Li Yan had been impeached.

关 键 词：丁应泰 杨镐 朝鲜国王李昖 岛山之战 陈情使 明朝抗倭援朝战争 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] K312[历史地理—中国史]