有机污染物的持久性评价方法研究进展  

Progress of the Persistency Quantification Evaluation of Organic Pollutants

作　　者：张焘[1] 仇雁翎[1] 朱志良[1] 赵建夫[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《化学通报》2012年第5期420-424,共5页Chemistry

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAJ04A07);国际科技合作计划项目(2010DFA91800)资助

摘　　要：持久性有机污染物(POPs)具有持久性、生物蓄积性和高毒性等特点,对人类生存和发展已构成了严重威胁。本文对近年来有关POPs持久性的3种主要量化评价方法的研究进展进行了综述。其中,QSAR/QSPR方法主要以分子结构来推测有机物的理化性质,进而预测总持久性和长距离迁移能力;环境多介质模型方法根据物质在各种环境介质中的分配和反应性来评价物质的持久性;基于化学反应常数的评价方法是通过模拟和简化自然界的各种化学反应,尝试利用测得的反应常数比较物质的持久性。各种方法得到的物质持久性的评价和排序不尽相同,因而仍需要更深入广泛的研究,以建立统一的有机物持久性量化评价的标准体系。Persistent organic pollutants （POPs） have threaten to human survival and development due to their persistency, bioaccumulation and high toxicity. This paper mainly summarized three evaluation methods of persistency quantification of POPs. The method of QSAR/QSPR infers the physicochemical properties of organics such as vapour pressure, dissolvability and octanol/water partition coefficient to forecast total persisteny and long-range transport （LRT） of POPs according to their molecular structure. The method of environment multimedia models evaluates the persistency of organics in accordance with their partition and reactivity in various environmental mediums. The method based on chemical reaction constant simulates and simplifies the chemical reaction in nature to obtain reaction constant and compares the persistency of organics. The quantified persistency of organics based on these methods were not exactly the same. Therefore, more studies are needed to set up a systematic unified standard for persistency quantification evaluation.

关 键 词：持久性有机污染物 量化评价 QSAR/QSPR 环境多介质模型 化学反应常数 

分 类 号：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]