三峡水库175m蓄水运行后鱼类汞污染风险研究  

ASSESSMENT ON POLLUTION RISK OF MERCURY IN FISHES OF THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AFTER 175 m IMPOUNDMENT

作　　者：余杨[1,2] 王雨春[1,2] 高博[1,2] 洪宇宁[1,2] 万晓红[1,2] 周怀东[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水环境所,北京100038 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2012年第5期547-551,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51179205);国家水体污染控制与治理科技专项三峡水库水环境演化与安全问题诊断研究课题(2009ZX07104-001)

摘　　要：三峡水库的生态安全受到高度关注,三峡水库成库后是否会出现汞等重金属生态风险增加的"水库效应",不仅是需要论证的科学命题,也是关系到库区人民身体健康的重要问题。2011年在三峡库区忠县至秭归段选择"湖沼化"特征最为显著的8条支流采集了鲤、鲢、鳙、鲇、鳜等常见经济鱼类标本,系统分析了库区鱼类标本肌肉中的总汞含量。研究结果表明,三峡库区支流鱼类肌肉中总汞含量最高为109.6μg/kg,最低为30.5μg/kg,平均含量为56.4μg/kg。与蓄水前的调查结果相比,蓄水运用10a后库区鱼类肌肉总汞水平尚未明显增加。但是,不同营养等级鱼类之间,肌肉总汞浓度水平随营养等级增加有明显增高,三峡水库水生食物链表现出显著的汞的生物累积。值得注意的是,底层鱼类汞的生物累积强度明显高于上层鱼类,暗示水库底栖过程的"汞活化"依然是需要关注的潜在生态风险。Three Gorges Reservoir has captured the public attention for its impacts on ecological environment and ecological safety.The effect of mercury reactivity on fish mercury content after impoundment of the reservoir is concerned by whole society.Mercury concentrations in eight fish species collected in eight tributaries of the Yangtze River in Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2011 were determined.The average concentration of mercury in the fish in wet weight was 56.4 μg/kg,ranged from 30.5 to 109.6 μg/kg.Ten years after the first impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir,the mercury concentration of fish in Three Gorges Reservoir Area has not obviously increased,comparing with the data before impoundment.However slight difference in mercury concentrations among the fish species was found.The mercury concentration of fish increased with its trophic level.Accumulation of mercury in fish was found along the food chain.It is notable that the benthic fish species had higher mercury concentration than other species,which indicates that the mercury reactivity in bottom strata is a potential risk in environment.

关 键 词：三峡水库 175m蓄水 鱼类 汞 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]