重构社会科学的方法论范式——论沃勒斯坦的社会科学观  

Reconstructing the Methodological Paradigm of Social Sciences——On Wallerstein's view of social sciences

作　　者：徐红曼[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会科学学院,长春130012 [2]北华大学马克思主义学院,吉林132013

出　　处：《学术交流》2012年第6期24-27,共4页Academic Exchange

摘　　要：17世纪以来,人文学科与自然科学的对立造成壁垒森严的学科划分。社会科学正是在两者的中间地带由萌芽到勃兴。毋庸讳言的是,最初以探求普遍规律为己任的社会科学家,正是以自然科学的认识方式建构起自身的知识谱系,将研究对象视为一个可以操纵、管理、控制的有机体,秩序和进步、规范和控制是社会科学的根本特征。然而,随着复杂学和文化学的兴起,期望在解释力与预见力上有所建树的社会科学也需要转换原有的思维范式而寻求新的发展定位。基于这一认识,沃勒斯坦强调知识的不确定性,提出社会科学应当实现普遍性与特殊性、主观性与客观性的统一,并尝试建构起了一门全新的历史社会科学,以此弥合自然科学与人文学科两者之间的张力,使学科的界限由封闭走向开放。Since the 17th century, humanities and natural science have long been in definitely clear division. Social science emerged and was booming between them. Definitely speaking, those sociologists, who at first took the burden of exploring universal rules and laws, employed their cognitive style of natural science to build their own knowledge pedigree chart, treated studying objects as an organism that could be manipulated, managed and controlled, and held that order and progress, rule and control are the basic feature of social science. However, with the prosperity of the science of complexity and ethnology, social science also needed to change its thinking mode for new development, which expected originally the achievement of explanatory power and predictability. Based on such views, Wallerstein emphasized the uncertainty of knowledge, put forwards that social science ought to be united between universality and particularity, objectivity and subjectivity, attempted to build a brand-new historical social science to bridge the gap between natural science and humanities and to open the closed boundary of subjects.

关 键 词：自然科学 人文学科 社会科学 方法论范式 重构 

分 类 号：C03[社会学]