产犊月份对荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响  

Effects on Milk Production of Calving Months for Holstein Cows

作　　者：张慧林[1] 刘小林[1] 朱建华[1] 茹彩霞 宋爱龙 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西安现代农业综合开发总公司畜牧开发公司,西安710018

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第3期17-21,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"面上项目(2008AA10Z144);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD04A11);陕西省"13115"科技创新工程项目(2008ZDKG-11);西安市科技计划项目(NC09049-2);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金(CARS-37)

摘　　要：以西安草滩第二牛场的荷斯坦牛为研究对象,选择2～4胎产奶量记录完整的健康母牛共587头,其中2胎217头,3胎196头,4胎174头,主要探讨产犊月份对产奶量的影响。将所有产奶数据校正到305d产奶量,用Excel进行统计分析,做出全年产奶量的整体分布曲线。对12个月份和4个季节的产奶量分别采用单因素方差分析,确定各月份和不同季节的影响效果。结果表明,冬季12、1、2月份和早春的3月份产犊的母牛305d产奶量最高,显著或极显著高于其他月份,属高产奶量月份;夏季6、7、8月份产犊的母牛305d产奶量最低,显著或极显著低于其他月份,属低产奶量月份;春季4、5月份和秋季9、10、11月份产犊的母牛305d产奶量处于中等水平,显著或极显著低于冬季和早春,但显著或极显著高于夏季,属中等产奶量月份。产犊月份对产奶量的影响效果表明,在保证全年牛奶供求基本平衡的前提下,适当调整在高产月份产犊,对提高奶牛群体产奶量具有重要意义。This research analyzed the effect of calving season on milk production in Holstein cow,so that providing the basis of improving the milk production.The Holstein cows from second ranch in Caotan herd Farm were selected.We recorded 587 milk production data,including 217 cows in the second lactation,196 cows in the third lactation,174 cows in the forth lactation.All data were corrected to 305-day milk yield,and then did statistic analysis by Excel as well as drew the curve of whole year＇s milk yield distribution.This study used single factor variance analysis to investigate the effect of different calving month and season on milk yield in Holstein cows.The results showed that the cows calved in December,January,Feb and March had the highest 305-day milk production,which were significant higher than cows calved in other month.The cows calved in June,July and August had the lowest milk yield,their milk production was significantly lower than others.There was not significant difference between spring（April,May）and autumn（September,October,November）,but their milk production was significantly higher than that of cows calved in summer,and significantly lower than that of cows calved in winter and early spring（March）.In conclusion,on the precondition of ensuring basis balance between milk supply and demand in whole year,it is significantly important for improving milk production of herds to adjust cow calving in high-yield month or season.

关 键 词：荷斯坦奶牛 产犊月份 产奶量 泌乳曲线 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]