基于系统动力学的城市住区形态变迁对城市代谢效率的影响  

Landscape aesthetic assessment based on experiential paradigm assessment technology

作　　者：李旋旗[1,2] 花利忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所,城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门市城市代谢重点实验室,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第10期2965-2974,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-450)

摘　　要：改革开放以来我国的城市化率急速提高,城市住区形态变迁呈现出大规模、翻新频率快和多样化的特点。研究不同城市住区形态变迁前后的代谢效率变化,对我国的可持续人居环境构建有着重大的意义。运用功能分类法设计了城市代谢系统分类框架作为构建城市代谢系统动力学模型的基础,继而通过对住区与住区形态的文献调研与形态分析,将典型住区类型分为旧式住区、传统单位住区、普通商品房住区、新式商品房住区与半城市化住区。选择厦门市为研究区域,采用调查问卷进行了数据收集,并用能值分析法计算出不同住区类型的代谢效率,随后用Vensim软件构建了住区形态变迁对城市代谢效率影响的系统动力学模型。通过情景模拟后发现:住区形态的更迭过程基本上都会带来福利效率的提升,但在很多情况下会给城市整体物质代谢效率带来负面影响,交通效率与住房效率的下滑是最主要的原因。旧式住区向半城市化住区转变是仅有一个城市整体物质代谢效率提高的情景。半城市化住区和普通商品房住区向新式商品房住区转变的情景下,城市整体物质代谢效率的下降幅度与福利效率的增长幅度都较为适中。As urbanization rapidly advances around the globe, there is a simultaneous increase in human welfare and an increase in resource and environmental burdens. In 2008, the world＇s urban population exceeded its rural population for the first time in history, and urban areas have entered the spotlight in various conflicts between humans and nature. Research into solving urban problems has thus become key to the reconciliation of many such conflicts. As the world＇s second-largest economy, China is a rapidly developing country, and it is affected by many kinds of urban problems; such problems are likely to become exacerbated and more complex. Statistics indicate that urbanization in China has rapidly increased from 17.92% at the beginning of its reform and opening-up in 1978 to 46.6% in 2009. In the process, urban settlements have undergone transformation in terms of large scale, fast pace of restructuring, and diversification. To study the changes in efficiency before and after this urban transformation took place has great implications for establishing sustainable human settlement in China. Urban metabolism studies, which are considered an important approach toward building sustainablecities and improving the urban operational efficiency, transformation on urban metabolic efficiency. are a suitable means of investigating the effects of settlement Through a literature review of settlements, settlement forms, and morphological analysis, typical urban settlement forms have been identified in this study as old neighborhood, traditional welfare neighborhood, average commercial neighborhood, modem commercial neighborhood, and peri-urban neighborhood. Using a functional classification method, an urban metabolic metabolic system classification framework was designed as the basis for developing a dynamic model for an urban system. Through model simulation, the changes in efficiency can be analyzed as one typical settlement form transforms into another. Xiamen in China was selected for the case study area, and a questionnai

关 键 词：城市代谢 住区形态变迁 住区代谢效率 系统动力学 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]