江西鄱阳湖流域中华秋沙鸭越冬期间的集群特征  

Group characteristics of Chinese Merganser(Mergus squamatus) during the wintering period in Poyang Lake watershed,Jiangxi Province

作　　者：邵明勤[1] 曾宾宾[1] 尚小龙[1] 陈立欣 游茶英 戴年华[3] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330022 [2]江西省南昌市第二中学,南昌330031 [3]江西省科学院,南昌330029

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第10期3170-3176,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31060285)

摘　　要：2010年11月—2011年3月,采用样线法对江西鄱阳湖流域8个河段的中华秋沙鸭Mergus squamatus的集群特征进行了研究。中华秋沙鸭的集群类型包括雄性群、雌性群、混合群、雌性孤鸭和雄性孤鸭5种类型。越冬期间共记录到89群次,432只次中华秋沙鸭。其中,混合群是最多的一种集群方式,孤鸭也是越冬期间出现频次较高的一种特殊的集群方式。集群类型存在时间变化(P<0.01)。混合群中,大多数群体中雌性个体数多于雄性个体或者是一雌一雄。89群次中,孤鸭和2—8只群占总群数的87.64%,提示中华秋沙鸭主要以集小群分散活动。中华秋沙鸭越冬期间的群体大小是(4.85±4.97)只/群。不同集群类型的群体大小差异较大。集群大小可能与采砂、捕鱼、食物的丰富度等环境因子有关。调查结果显示,中华秋沙鸭越冬期间的性比是1∶0.74(n=432)。中华秋沙鸭群体大小与性比有一定的关系。The Chinese or Scaly-sided Merganser （Mergus squamatus） is an endemic species restricted to Asia and is listed in the First Category of National Key Protected Wildlife Species in China. Sex ratio and group characteristics of Chinese Merganser were studied using a line transect method in eight sections of five rivers [ Xiuhe Rriver （ Taiyangsheng and Liaohe sections）, Fuhe River （Taopi section）, Xinjiang River （Longhushan, Erkou and Yiyang sections）, Raohe River （Fuliang and Wuyuan sections） ] of the Poyang Lake watershed, Jiangxi Province from November 2010 to March 2011. Groups of Chinese Merganser were classified as male, female, mixed sex, solitary female and solitary male. During the wintering period, a total of 432 Mergansers belonging to 89 groups were observed. Of these groups, mixed sex groups were the mostfrequently encountered. Sixty-four mixed sex groups comprising 399 individuals accounted for 71. 91% of the total Mergansers observed. Male （15.73%） and female （6.74%） solitary Mergansers were also frequently encountered. The differences in frequency of different group types were significant （P〈 0.01 ） and there was temporal variation in group types during the wintering period （P〈 0.01 ）. In March, the frequency of groups with male-female pairs was greater than that of other group types because Mergansers begin to pair during the late wintering period. Within mixed sex groups, the number of females was greater than that of males in most cases （ sex ratio of 1：0.74）. Male-female pairs were often found in mixedgroups. The largest group size observed was 21 individuals per group and the smallest one contained only one solitary Merganser per group. Twenty solitary Merganser groups （ 4 females and 16 males ） comprised 22.47% of the total observations. Twenty-three groups with just two individuals （including 20 groups with male-female pairs） accounted for 25.84% of the total observations. Fifty five groups with 2--8 individuals accounted for 61.80% of the

关 键 词：中华秋沙鸭 集群类型 鄱阳湖流域 性比 越冬期间 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]