海水富营养化对海洋细菌影响的研究进展  

Advances in influence of seawater eutrophication on marine bacteria

作　　者：张瑜斌[1] 章洁香[1] 孙省利[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学海洋资源与环境监测中心,湛江524088

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第10期3225-3232,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905005-05;201105008-E)

摘　　要：综述了海水富营养化对海洋细菌影响的研究进展。随着海水富营养化程度的增加,海洋细菌数量或生物量增加;反硝化细菌、大肠菌群尤其是厌氧性的硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷菌等典型细菌生理群数量增加;浮游细菌群落结构随富营养化递增趋于简单,物种多样性降低;富营养化也明显导致细菌群落正常功能活性的紊乱。海水富营养化对细菌群落的结构和功能有着深远的影响。Input of excessive macronutrients （ e. g. , nitrogen or phosphorus） and organic matter results in a change in the trophie status of a body of water, and leads to eutrophication in the coastal sea areas. In response to these changes, the biological community, particularly the microbial community, will alter. Microorganisms are sensitive and easily influenced by eco-factors such as temperature, organic matter, etc, in which marine heterotrophic bacteria are able to utilize dissoluble organic matter to perform a ＂ second production＂ coupling with the classic grazing food chain, and causing a cycle of matter. Multiple measurement methods indicate that the abundance and biomass of bacterioplankton are greater in eutrophic coastal areas than in normal and clean sea areas. Furthermore, with the intensifying eutrophication of seawater, theconcentration of chlorophyll a increases in the water body, enabling rapid growth and resulting in significant biomass of bacterioplankton. To date, the population density and biomass of bacterioplankton have not been found to decline with the eutrophication of seawater. Bacterial physiological groups include species that carry out the same function but exhibit different morphological characteristics and belong to different taxa; these groups are closely associated with eutrophication and include nitrifying methanogens and so on. increasing eutrophication bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, coliform bacteria, anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria, and The processes of nitrification and denitrification intensify in a manner that is not in proportion with in coastal areas or bays; therefore, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria are more abundant in aquatic, in particular benthic, habitats. The presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens indicates an anaerobic habitat; in addition, their population densities directly respond to an anaerobic status to some extent. Eutrophication of a water body easily leads to an anaerobic habitat and a lower oxidation-reduction potential, fav

关 键 词：海水富营养化 细菌群落 结构与功能 影响 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学]