武汉市城郊区集约化露天菜地生产系统硝态氮淋溶迁移规律研究  

Leaching and transport of nitrate in vegetable production systems in suburbs of Wuhan

作　　者：崔敏 胡承孝 Di Hong Jie 孙学成 谭启玲 张木 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,华中农业大学资源与环境学院,农业部亚热带农业资源与环境重点开放实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]Center for Soil and Environment Research,Lincoln University

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2012年第3期637-644,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术(948)项目(2008-Z25);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA7B03)资助

摘　　要：以武汉市及其周边区域的典型露天菜地为研究对象,对菜地土壤、土壤溶液及菜地附近井水中硝态氮(NO3--N)含量进行了周年监测分析。结果表明,菜地土壤100 cm内各土层NO3--N平均含量为11.2 mg/kg,其中0—20 cm土壤剖面NO3--N含量为21.1 mg/kg;60 cm深度处土壤溶液中NO3--N含量为27.5 mg/L;井水中NO3--N含量为19.6～39.8 mg/L,其含量是饮用水安全标准的2～4倍。由此说明,武汉城郊菜地土壤NO3--N淋失量较大,已造成地下水NO3--N污染;且硝酸盐淋失量随着氮肥施用量和水分输入量的增加而增大,与种植蔬菜的种类有一定相关关系;由于土壤理化性质不同,土壤硝酸盐含量在正常范围内并且尚能够安全种植作物时,地下水可能已受到严重的污染,这种情况在砂性土壤中表现更为明显。本文的研究为科学评价露天菜地土壤和地下水NO3--N污染提供了科学理论依据。The nitrate（ NO3- ）contents of vegetable field soil, soil solution and well water were annually determined in suburbs of Wuhan, where are the typical open-air vegetable production systems. The results show that the average NO3--N content in 0-100 cm soil is 11.2 mg/kg and the content in 0-20 cm soil is 21.1 mg/kg. The NO3- content in soil solution at 60 cm depth is 27.5 rag/L, and the NO3- -N concentrations in well water are from 19.6 to 39. 8 mg/L. These results indicate that the nitrate leaching loss is serious in the vegetable soil, and theNO; lOSS -N content in well water is far more than the safe standard for drinking water. The amount of nitrate leaching has a direct relationship to the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and water input, the growth situation of vegetable crops and soil particle composition. Due to different soils have different particle composition, especially for the sandy soil, the groundwater may have suffered serious nitrate pollution although the crops could grow normally. This study could make contributions to scientific evaluation of the nitrate pollution of open-air vegetable field soil and groundwater.

关 键 词：硝态氮 菜地 氮素淋失 地下水污染 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]