中国东部主要平原地下水质量与污染评价  

Groundwater Quality and Contamination Assessment in the Main Plains of Eastern China

作　　者：文冬光[1] 林良俊[1] 孙继朝[2] 张兆吉[2] 姜月华[3] 叶念军[3] 费宇红[2] 钱永[2] 龚建师[3] 周迅[3] 张玉玺[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局,北京100037 [2]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050803 [3]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《地球科学（中国地质大学学报）》2012年第2期220-228,共9页Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences

基　　金：国土资源调查项目(No.1212010634611);全国地下水污染调查评价(No.2005-2015)

摘　　要：利用我国东部平原地下水污染调查评价工作所取得的大量数据,采用单因子评价法进行地下水质量评价,采用检出法和超标法进行地下水污染评价.地下水质量评价结果显示,我国东部主要平原可以直接饮用(Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水)或经适当处理可以饮用(Ⅳ类水)的地下水资源占47.9%,不能直接饮用的地下水资源(Ⅴ类水)占52.1%;深层地下水质量一般好于浅层地下水.影响地下水质量的天然化学组分主要以锰、铁、氟、碘、总硬度等为主,人类活动影响则主要体现在"三氮"(NO3-、NH4+、NO2-)、镉、铅和微量有机等组分上.地下水污染评价结果表明,地下水中"三氮"普遍呈面状污染特征,重(类)金属呈点污染特征,尤以铅、砷污染较严重,有毒有害有机污染呈现"检出率高、超标率低"的特征.我国地下水污染形势严峻,应该尽快推进全国地下水污染调查评价工作,组织实施全国地下水污染防治规划,遏制地下水污染恶化态势,有效保护我国地下水资源与环境.Based on a large amount of data obtained from the National Groundwater Contamination Investigation Project,the groundwater quality in North China plain,Huaihe River basin,the Yangtze River delta and the Pearl River delta in the eastern China was assessed with the single factor method,and the status of groundwater quality was assessed with detection limit and over-standard rate methods.The results show that the proportion of groundwater suitable for drinking directly（Ⅰ-Ⅲ level） or after proper treatment（Ⅳ level） is 47.9%,and the proportion not suitable for drinking directly（Ⅴ level） is 52.1%.The quality of shallow groundwater is slightly worse than that of the deep groundwater.The main compositions which affected the groundwater quality are natural chemical compositions,such as iron,manganese,fluorine,iodine,total hardness etc.,whereas chemical compositions from human activities including three nitrogen（NO3-,NH4＋,NO2-） compounds,cadmium,lead and trace organic composition.The groundwater contamination caused by three nitrogen compounds is distributed with regional characteristics;on the contrary,that by heavy metals is distributed with point characteristics.The contamination caused by lead and arsenic is especially serious,and toxic organic contamination presents the characteristic of high detection rate and low over-standard rate.The National Groundwater Contamination Investigation should be promoted,and the national groundwater prevention and control planning should be organized and carried out to curb the worsening situation of groundwater contamination and protect the groundwater resources and environment in China.

关 键 词：东部平原 地下水质量 地下水污染 环境工程 水文地质学 

分 类 号：P641.8[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]