四川旱地作物水分盈亏变化及其与气候变化的关系  

Change of water budget for dryland crops and its response to climate change in Sichuan province

作　　者：张顺谦[1,2] 邓彪[2] 杨云洁[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,成都610071 [2]四川省气候中心,成都610071 [3]成都信息工程学院计算机学院,成都610225

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2012年第10期105-111,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：四川省应用技术研究与开发项目"四川农业干旱综合监测预警技术与旱情速报系统"(2007NGY005);中国气象局项目"西南区域气候变化评估报告"

摘　　要：利用四川53个农业气象站点1971-2009年逐旬气象、土壤湿度和作物发育期资料,运用农田水量平衡原理和气候趋势分析方法,分析了5个气候子区域近40a来玉米、小麦、油菜全生育期和关键生育期水分盈亏量变化及其与气候变化的关系,结果表明:全生育期和关键生育期内,各分区小麦、油菜均为水分亏缺,但关键期亏缺量在减小;各区域温度升高、水汽压增大、风速减小、日照减少趋势明显;水分盈亏量与降水、水汽压呈正相关,与气温、日照、风速呈负相关。由此可见,四川旱地作物以水分亏缺为基本特征,但由于日照和风速的减小引起作物需水量减少,从而使水分亏缺程度有所降低。Change of water budget for dryland crops and its response to climate change in SiChuan province for the whole growth period and key growth phases for corn,wheat,rape on each sub region last 40 years were analyzed.Based on each ten-day historical records of meteorology data,soil moisture and crops growth data in 53 agriculture-meteorological stations in Sichuan during the period between 1971 and 2009,farmland water balance and the method of climate change trends climate trend were used in five climatic sub-regions in Sichuan.The results demonstrated that during the whole growth phases and the key growth phases,wheat and rape crops were in water deficit in sub-regions,but the deficit quantity in the key growth phases showed a decreasing trend.Temperature and vapor pressure in sub-regions were presented as increasing trend,and the wind speed and sunshine hours as decreasing trend.Water budget was positively correlated with precipitation and vapor pressure and was negatively correlated with temperature,sunlight,and wind speed.It can be concluded that the water budget of dryland crops in SiChuan was shown as water deficit,however,the water deficit degree reduced with the sunlight hours and wind speed decreased.

关 键 词：气候变化 温度 蒸散 旱作作物 水分盈亏 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]