北运河浮游植物调查及水质评价  

Phytoplankton Investigation and Water Quality Evaluation in Beiyunhe River

作　　者：高彩凤[1] 李学军[1] 毛战坡[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2012年第2期85-90,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项子课题-北运河水系水量水质联合调度关键技术与示范研究(2008ZX07209)

摘　　要：北运河水系是北京和天津的主要纳污水系,关乎着京津区域发展的供水安全和生态安全。为了合理开发利用水资源,保护生态环境,2009-2010年对北运河水系浮游植物和水质进行了4次调查,对浮游植物种类组成、密度、生物量和群落多样性指数等以及理化性状进行了分析。结果表明,北运河浮游植物有41种;其中,蓝藻门14种,占34.1%;绿藻门14种,占34.1%;硅藻门7种,占17.1%;裸藻门5种,占12.2%;其它种类2种,占2.5%。夏季以蓝藻为主,秋季、冬季和春季均以绿藻为主,整体表现为蓝藻-绿藻型,主要优势种为蓝藻门、绿藻门的耐污种;北运河的CODMn、NH3-N、NO3-N、TP和TN含量大于我国地表水环境质量V类标准的2.12～9.79倍,主要污染物为总氮、氨氮和总磷。北运河的水质普遍较差,大部分为中污染,部分断面为重污染,水体质量在中-重污染之间。Beiyunhe River is the main sewage system of Beijing and Tianjin, which is the crucial river for safety of water supply and ecological security of Beijing-Tianjin regions. In order to exploit and protect this river environment rationally, we carried out four times investigations of phytoplankton and physico-chemical factors character of water in Beiyunhe River during 2009 to 2010, and the phytoplankton species composition, density, biomass diversity in- dex and physico-chemical character were also analyzed. The results showed that there were 41 species of phyto- plankton in Beiyunhe River, including 14 species of Cyanophyta, 14 species of Chlorophyta, 7 species of Bacillari- ophyta, 5 species of Euglenophyta, and the other two species. The Beiyunhe River was dominated by blue algae in summer, green algae being the main species in autumn, winter and spring. Overall, this river belongs to blue al- gae-green algae type, and the dominant species are Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta which are species tolerant to pollu- tion. The value of CODMn, NH3-N, NO3-N, TP and TN in Beiyunhe River was 2. 12 - 9.79 times higher than standards of type V national surface water environment quality. The total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were the major pollutants. Base on our results, we suggest that the water quality in Beiyunhe River is generally poor, most of sections being medium pollution, some sections being heavy pollution, and the water quality is middle-heavy level.

关 键 词：北运河 浮游植物 水质评价 多样性指数 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]