莎士比亚战争意识初论  

On Shakespeare's Awareness of War

作　　者：宁平[1] 屈荣英[1] 李炳军[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学外国语学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第4期501-506,共6页Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：大连社会科学基金项目(DLSK349)

摘　　要：莎士比亚在其英国历史剧中,着墨浓重之笔就是战争主题。剧作家将英法百年战争和玫瑰战争作为贯穿其多部历史剧情节的主线之一,将战争视为夺取王权和巩固王权的重要手段。在莎士比亚笔下,亨利五世征战法国既夺得了在法国的权力又赢得了英明君主的荣耀。波林勃洛克(即位后的亨利四世)通过武力不但夺回自己的财产,而且登上王位宝座。君主们不仅懂得战争可用来夺取权力,还深谙战争尚可用来巩固王权。他们认为对外战争可牵制国内贵族势力,以使他们无暇颠覆王权。战争可以掩饰王权的不合法性;战争可以增加财政收入;战争还可对内惩治罪恶。总之,战争是君主的为君之道和统治之术,这明显诠释出莎士比亚的战争意识。In Shakespeare＇s English history plays, the issue of wars was widely covered as one of the themes. The affairs of Hundred Year＇s War and The Wars of the Roses were threaded through his several histories by which Shakespeare obviously accepted the wars as the vital means to seize the power of king- ship as well as to strengthen it. In Shakespeare＇s views, Henry V, by waging wars against France, not only gained the land and rights in France but also won the glory of a wise monarch in England; Boling- broke （later Henry IV）, by military force, seized his heritage again and even ascended the throne as well. The monarchs also knew very well that going abroad to war could distract the nobles at home from over- throwing the kingship; and that wars could conceal the illegitimacy of inheritance, increase the fiscal reve- nue and punish the crimes, etc. In a word, wars might be taken as the kingcraft of monarchs in Shake- speare＇s English histories, which should be attributed to his awareness of war.

关 键 词：莎士比亚 历史剧 战争意识 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]