几种盐碱因子对青蛤的致毒效应  

Toxic effects of several saline-alkali factors on Cyclina sinensis

作　　者：林听听[1] 来琦芳[1] 陆建学[1] 么宗利[1] 李子牛[1] 王慧[1] 周凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所中国水产科学研究院盐碱地渔业工程技术研究中心,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2012年第2期183-188,共6页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项资金(2008T01);上海市科委技术标准专项(10DZ0503100)

摘　　要：盐碱水具有缓冲性能差、主要离子比例不稳定、碳酸盐碱度(Carbonate Alkalinity,CA)和pH高等特点。青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)生长快、抗逆性强、耐盐范围广,是一种在盐碱水中颇具养殖前景的品种。寄予为今后在盐碱水中开展青蛤养殖提供数据的目的,本文应用静态急性毒性实验的方法,研究了96 h内水体中不同K+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度及CA和pH对青蛤死亡率的影响。结果显示:当K+浓度低于11.3 mg.L-1(对照水平的1/22)和高于838.7 mg.L-1(对照水平的3.34倍)时,青蛤的死亡率均超过了90%;其半致死浓度(LC50)分别为40.8 mg.L-1和541.2 mg.L-1。当Ca2+浓度为4.5 mg.L-1(对照水平的1/64)和4 600 mg.L-1(对照水平的16倍)时,其死亡率均为34%左右。当Mg2+浓度为0和3078 mg.L-1(对照水平的3.38倍)时,其死亡率均仅为8.5%左右。CA方面,其值低于40 mmol.L-1时,青蛤的死亡率不超过5%,其值为80 mmol.L-1时,青蛤的死亡率也仅为20%。而pH方面,其值超过9.5时,青蛤开始急剧死亡。研究认为:影响青蛤存活的主要限制因子为K+和pH。此外,青蛤对CA的耐受性较强,表明其确实具有在盐碱水中开展养殖的前景。Saline-alkali water is a high pH type of water with poor buffer capacity,unstable proportion of major ions and high carbonate alkalinity（CA）.While clam Cyclina sinensis,with fast growth,strong resistance and wide salt tolerance,is a promising bivalve species for cultivation in the saline-alkali water.To provide data for the aquaculture possibility of introducting C.sinensis to saline-alkali water,the toxic effects of several saline-alkali factors,including K＋,Ca2＋,Mg2＋,CA and pH on C.sinensis within 96 h by static acute toxicity test were investigated.The results showed that the mortalities of C.sinensis were both more than 90% when K＋ concentration was lower than 11.3 mg·L-1（1/22 times that of control level） or was higher than 838.7 mg·L-1（3.34 times that of control level）.The semi-lethal concentrations（LC50） by low and high K＋ stress were 40.8 mg·L-1 and 541.2 mg·L-1,respectively.While the mortalities were both about 34% when the Ca2＋ concentration was 4.5 mg·L-1（1/64 times that of control level） or was 4 600 mg·L-1（16 times that of control level）.For Mg2＋,the mortalities were both only 8.5% when its concentration was 0 mg·L-1 or was 3 078 mg·L-1（3.38 times that of control level）.For CA,the mortality was less than 5% when its value was lower than 40 mmol·L-1,besides,even its CA value was 80 mmol·L-1,the mortality was just only 20%.Finally,for pH,C.sinensis died out rapidly when its value was over 9.5.In conclusion,the main limiting factors affecting C.sinensis survival were K＋ and pH.Moreover,C.sinensis has wide CA tolerance,further suggesting that it has potential prospects for aquaculture in the saline-alkali water.

关 键 词：青蛤 死亡率 K+ CA2+ Mg2+ 碳酸盐碱度 pH 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]