厌氧微生物对新疆六中区稠油的降解特性  

Degradation effect of anaerobic microbe on the oil from No.6 block in central Xinjiang Oilfield

作　　者：胥元刚[1] 何延龙[1] 张凡[2] 简洁[3] 韩春春[3] 佘跃惠[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学石油工程学院,陕西西安710065 [2]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083 [3]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州434023

出　　处：《西安石油大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第3期67-71,3+2,共5页Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51074029)资助

摘　　要：厌氧微生物作为油藏中微生物的重要组成部分,受到人们越来越多的关注,但是关于对原油的降解效果和降解机制的研究报道较少.对发酵菌富集培养物和产甲烷菌富集培养物作用前后的原油进行色质联用分析,结果表明:产甲烷菌富集培养物作用后的原油,其原油族组成变化明显,饱和烃和胶质相对含量降低,而芳香烃和沥青质相对含量上升,其中正构烷烃的含量有所增加,尤其是大于C22的正构烷烃的含量增加明显,藿烷及其同系物的含量也都有所上升.而发酵菌富集培养物作用后,饱和烃、芳烃以及胶质含量都略有上升,变化最明显的沥青质作用后下降了2%,发酵菌富集培养物降解了原油中的杂环芳烃二苯并噻吩和二苯并呋喃.同时两种富集培养物对二环芳烃的降解作用明显.产甲烷菌富集培养物和发酵菌富集培养物作用后,新疆六中区原油中短链正构烷烃含量相对增加,而长链正构烷烃含量则相对减少,∑nC21-/∑nC22+值由作用前1.033分别下降到1.023和1.015,Pr/Ph的值基本都保持在0.945左右,但是Pr/nC17和Ph/nC18都有所增大.总的来说,产甲烷菌富集培养物对原油的降解作用更明显,两种不同厌氧微生物的富集培养物对原油的作用表现出了一定的选择性.The crude oil from the studied area and its oil samples degraded by zymogeneous bacteria and methanogenic bacteria were analyzed by GC/MS.The results show that the group composition of the crude oil is changed by the degradation effect of zymogeneous bacteria and methanogenic bacteria.The relative content of saturated hydrocarbon and resin decrease,and the relative content of aromatic hydrocarbons and asphaltene increase,of which,the relative contents of n-alkanes,hopane and its homologues all increase a little,especially the relative content of those n-alkanes whose carbon number is greater than 22 increase significantly.After being degraded by zymogeneous bacteria,the contents of saturated hydrocarbon,aromatic hydrocarbons and resin in the crude oil samples increase slightly,and the decreased content of asphaltene reaches to 2%.Both anaerobic microbial enrichment cultures all have obvious degradation of bicyclo aromatic hydrocarbons in the crude oil,and the zymogeneous bacteria also degrade heterocyclic aromatic,dibenzothiophene and dibenzofuran in crude oil.After being degraded by methanogenic bacteria and zymogeneous bacteria,the ∑nC_21-/∑nC_22+values of the crude oil drops from 1.033 to 1.023 and 1.015 respectively,the Pr/Ph value of it kept at 0.945,but Pr/nC_17 and Ph/nC_18 grow.In conclusion,both anaerobic enrichment cultures have selective degradation to some compounds in the crude oil,and methanogenic bacteria has stronger degradation.

关 键 词：稠油 微生物降解 发酵菌(FB) 产甲烷菌(MPB) 色谱质谱联用 新疆六中区 

分 类 号：TE327[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] Q785[生物学—分子生物学]