两种不同消毒方法对皮内药物过敏试验结果判断的影响  

Influences of two sterilization methods on results of hypodermic drug allergy tests

作　　者：李佩兰[1] 芦雅琳[1] 袁叶桃[1] 刘冬玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]江门市新会区人民医院静脉输液中心,广东江门529100

出　　处：《现代临床护理》2012年第4期46-47,共2页Modern Clinical Nursing

摘　　要：目的探讨两种不同消毒方法对皮内药物过敏试验结果判断的影响。方法将23384例输液中心皮内药物过敏试验患者,按年龄及药物类型分层随机分为观察组11693例,包括青霉素组、头孢菌素组、破伤风抗毒素(tetanus antitoxin,TAT),与对照组11691例,包括青霉素组、头孢菌素组、TAT组。观察组在皮内注射前先用75%乙醇消毒皮肤,再用0.9%无菌生理盐水擦拭局部皮肤后注射,对照组按传统方法在注射前用75%乙醇消毒皮肤后注射。比较两组患者皮内药物过敏试验假阳性率。结果观察组与对照组中的青霉素组、头孢菌素组、TAT组假阳性率比较,均P<0.001,差异具有统计学意义,观察组假阳性率明显低于对照组。结论皮内药物过敏试验先采用75%乙醇消毒后再用0.9%无菌生理盐水擦拭局部皮肤,能有效降低过敏试验假阳性发生率,最大限度保证敏感药物的正常使用,而且方法简单、安全实用,值得临床推广应用。Objective To explore the influences of two sterilization methods on the results of hypodermic drug allergy tests. Methods 23 384 patients with hypodermic drug allergy tests were divided into the observation group （n = 11 693） and the control group （n = 11 691） randomly, each consisting of subgroups of penicillin, cynnematin and TAT. In the observation group, the skin was disinfected with 75% ethanol, followed by twice application of 0.9% amicrobic normal saline before hypodermic injection. For the control group the skin was disinfected with 75% ethanol before the hypodermic injection. The false positive rates in the two groups were compared. Result The false positive rates of penicillin, cynnematin and TAT in the observation group were all significantly lower than those in the control group （all P 〈 0.001）. Conclusions Disinfection with 75% ~ ethanol and then with amicrobic normal saline before the hypodermic injection is effective to reduce the false positive rate and ensure the right use of allergic medicine. It is simple, safe and useful.

关 键 词：皮内注射 过敏试验 假阳性 75%乙醇 0.9%生理盐水 

分 类 号：R472[医药卫生—护理学]