碱处理对玉米秸秆纤维素结构的影响  

Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Cellulosic Structural Changes of Corn Stover

作　　者：郑明霞[1] 李来庆[2] 郑明月[3] 王旭[3] 马海玲[4] 王凯军[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]北京机电院高技术股份有限公司,北京100027 [3]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083 [4]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2012年第6期27-31,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)重点项目(2008AA062401/2)

摘　　要：介绍了在高固含率条件下氢氧化钠(NaOH)和氢氧化钙(Ca(OH))2堆沤处理对玉米秸纤维素结构的影响。分别用2.5%、5%和7.5%(ρ)的NaOH和Ca(OH)2将玉米秸在常温下堆沤处理3 d后,提取其纤维素,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射光谱(XRD)对比研究了处理前后纤维素的结构和结晶度的变化。结果表明碱堆沤处理使玉米秸秆中纤维素的形态结构发生了变化,部分分子间氢键断裂,部分酯键消失,随着碱用量的增加,纤维素结构被破坏的程度越大;纤维素的晶体类型与002面微晶位置虽然没有改变,但是纤维素的结晶度与002面微晶尺寸增大。这些变化表明碱处理能提高玉米秸秆纤维素的可及度和反应性,从而改善厌氧消化性能。其中NaOH较Ca(OH)2表现出更好的纤维素润胀能力和反应性,在处理秸秆提高其厌氧消化产甲烷性能上具有更大的潜力。An alkali pretreatment was used for chemical pretreatment of corn stover and the effects on the cellulosic structural changes were studied. The celluloses extracted from untreated and 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%（p） NaOH and Ca（OH）2 pretreated corn stover were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra（FTIR） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Results showed that significant changes such as a partial disruption of hydrogen and ester bonds have occurred in the morphology of the alkali pretreated cellulose fibers. The structural changes got severely with the increasing doses of NaOH. The crystalline type of cellulose and microcrystalline place at 002 lattice plane didn＇t change a lot during the alkali treatment, but crystallinity and microcrystalline size at 002 lattice plane increased. Such changes are beneficial for increase of anaerobic digestion efficiency of corn stover. Moreover, NaOH is a better fibre swelling reagent for corn stover than Ca（OH）2.

关 键 词：玉米秸 纤维素 碱处理 结构变化 

分 类 号：X382[环境科学与工程—环境工程]