微生物降解原油产甲烷气及其群落构成  

METHANE GENERATED FROM CRUDE OIL DEGRADATION BY ORGANISMS AND THE COMPOSITION OF THEIR COMMUNITY

作　　者：伍晓林[1,2] 侯兆伟[2] 金锐[2] 李蔚[2] 王蕊[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学工学院,北京100871 [2]大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《大庆石油地质与开发》2012年第3期111-114,共4页Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing

基　　金：国家“863”高技术研究发展计划项目“内源微生物采油技术研究”（2009AA063504）和中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“高度降解原油微生物采油工程菌构建探索研究”（2008E.1223）资助.

摘　　要：通过微生物对原油充分降解生成甲烷，可将不易开采、含有剩余油的油藏转变为更容易开采的气藏。优化后的产气菌群45oc条件下厌氧培养，2个月后，开始检测到甲烷气体，产气量最大可达到15mL；12个月累计产气量为81mL。对产生的气体进行了天然气气相色谱检验，结果表明：在培养2个月后，其中甲烷体积分数为26．156％，二氧化碳体积分数为24．405％；在培养8个月后，甲烷体积分数为72．731％，二氧化碳体积分数为1．443％；随着培养时间的增长，二氧化碳在甲烷菌作用下转化为甲烷。对作用后微生物菌种分析发现，菌群中含有好氧和厌氧降解原油微生物、乙酸盐菌和产甲烷菌。The generated methane from the complete degradation of crude oil by microorganisms can convert the difficuh-to-developed reservoirs with a certain remained oil into more easy ones. The optimized gas-producing bac- teria community is cultured at 45 ℃. Two months later, the methane gas can be detected, the max. Production can reach 15 ml. After twelve months, the accumulative gas production is up to 81 ml. The generated natural gas is detected by gas chromatography, the results show that after 2-month cultivation, the volume fraction of the meth- ane is 26. 156% and that of the carbon dioxide is 24. 405%. Trained for eight months, two fractions of the above are respectively 72. 731% and 1. 443% ; with the increase of the cultivation time, the carbon dioxide can be changed into methane by methane bacteria. The analyses of the acted microorganisms find that there are oil-degrading aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, acetonic bacteria and methanogens in the bacteria florae.

关 键 词：甲烷 原油降解 16S RDNA 系统发育分析 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]