莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性  

Fish Diversity in Momoge National Nature Reserve

作　　者：杨富亿[1] 吕宪国[1] 娄彦景[1] 娄晓楠[1] 薛滨[2] 姚书春[2] 肖海丰[3] 王波[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008 [3]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025 [4]吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区管理局,吉林白城137300

出　　处：《湿地科学》2012年第2期214-222,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：科技部基础性工作专项项目(2006FY110600)资助

摘　　要：2008～2010年,在鱼类资源调查的基础上,分析了莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性特征。调查结果显示,莫莫格国家级自然保护区有鱼类物种5目11科42属49种,其中本区土著种5目10科38属45种,包括中国特有种4种,中国易危种5种,冷水种8种,国家II级保护动物1种。土著种群落中,有鲤形目(Cyprini-formes)鱼类32种,鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类29种,鮈亚科(Gobioninae)鱼类13种;古北界北方区黑龙江亚区黑龙江分区的物种为22种;源于东部平原和北方平原生态类群的鱼类有27种;适应于江—湖缓流环境和淡水定居生活的鱼类有33种;草上产卵和水层产卵繁殖的鱼类有37种;杂食性和初级肉食性种类有28种,它们均相对占优势。莫莫格国家级自然保护区与嫩江的鱼类群落物种结构Jaccard系数和Morisita-Horn相似性指数分别为0.918和0.838;稀有种(包括中国易危种)和常见种分别为14种和25种;物种多度格局近似于对数正态分布。这些结果表明,莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性与嫩江密切相关,鱼类区系复杂,物种组成与生态类型多样;群落结构相对较稳定,多样性程度相对较高,但仍面临着稀有种(包括中国易危种)尚占有一定比例而导致群落结构脆弱的潜在威胁。保持嫩江鱼类群落结构的稳定,对维护和发展莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性具有特别重要的意义。Engaged in sample survey by 57 surveys with gill net, trawl net, trap net and pull net, the samples of 6 542 fish individuals were collected in Momoge National Nature Reserve during 2008-2010. The characteris- tics of the fish diversity in Momoge National Nature Reserve were analyzed. It was observed that there were 49 species/subspecies of 42 genus, 11 families, and 5 orders. Four species of these were introduced species while the others were indigenous, including 4 species peculiar and 5 vulnerable to China, and 8 of cold water. In the fauna composition, the order Cypriniformes included 32 species, the family Cyprinidae 29 species, and the subfamily Gobioninae 13 species. The fishes from fauna complex of the eastern plain and the north plain were 27 species, 33 species lived in the slow flow environment and locating in the freshwater, 37 species spawned in the grasses and the water, 28 species were the omnivores and the primary carnivores, and they were all relatively dominant in the fish community with the indigenous species. In distributional feature and zoogeographical division, the North Region, the Ningxia-Nei Monggol Platean Region and the East Region was 22 species, 5 species and 13 species in the Palaearctic Region, respectively, and the South Region was 5 species in the Oriental Region. The species abundance pattern of the fish community in Momoge National Na- ture Reserve was the lognormal distribution. The findings suggest that the relation of fish between the reserve and the Nenjiang River was closely, keeping the stability of the community structures in the Nenjiang River is important for upholding and developing the fish diversity in the reserve.

关 键 词：鱼类群落 土著种 区系组成 物种多样性 莫莫格国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：S759.94[农业科学—森林经理学] Q178.2[农业科学—林学]