烟草与文学:清人笔下的“淡巴菰”  

Tobacco in the Writings of Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘耘华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学比较文学与世界文学研究中心,上海200234

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第3期83-93,共11页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目(07JA751014);上海市重点学科中国古代文学项目(S30403);上海市高校(第二期)创新团队项目"中外文学关系研究"

摘　　要：自15世纪欧洲殖民者在南美知晓"淡巴菰"(烟草)及其吸食之法以来,它便迅速流传全球。万历年间,它由多条线路进入中国,很快便南北风靡,并成为农业生活的一部分,词人骚客之讽咏也在在皆有。但是,相比于学界对酒、茶、樵等与文学之关系的论述,"淡巴菰"与中国文学之关系则可称全然被漠视。文章从四个方面入手,讨论其与名公巨卿、与江南文人、与妇女以及与笔记小说之诸重关联,得出结论如下:首先,清代之文人,因不知"淡巴菰"来自远西之美洲、欧洲,而以为乃吕宋所产,故未曾因其为远西之物而有意排斥、厌恶之。其次,"淡巴菰"传入中土不久,国人对其利弊两端便有清楚认知,禁烟之举,历朝皆有,恶烟之人,屡见不鲜,然而烟草并未与之俱绝,故全祖望所云"仁草"之辩,似仍有其合理性。最后,对于士人而言,"淡巴菰"有催发灵感、润绵诗文之力,故嗜之者尤甚,然总体而言,付诸歌咏者不多,相比于咏唱酒茶之浩瀚篇章,有关"淡巴菰"的叙述、吟咏仍显数量匮乏。"淡巴菰"之于清代文学,其催发灵感、滋育巧思的间接"贡献",远大于对其自身的直接描述。European colonists arrived in the South America in the 15th century and got to know tobacco smoking there. Since then, tobacco had quickly become popularized all over the world. During the Wanli Period （1573 - 1620）, tobacco was imported to China through various ways and was fashionable all over the country, and also become a part of agricultural life. Al- though tobacco appeared in literary works, its relationship to literature was unduly neglected compared with scholars＇ attention to alcohol, tea and plants. By exploring the interrelationship between tobacco with noble men, scholars in Jiangnan region, women and Bi - ji （ “笔记” ） of Qing period, the paper arrives at three conclusions ： firstly, the Qing scholars, unaware of tobacco＇ s A- merican and European origin, felt no antipathy against it; secondly, with the growing awareness of the harm of smoking, the anti - smoking campaigns had already been of common occurrence but far from being effective; therefore, the idea about tobacco as ＂beneficial leaves＂ advanced by Quan Zuwang was not groundless; thirdly, for man of letters tobacco was the source of inspira- tion and ingenious ideas. However, scant tribute was paid to tobacco in comparison with the numerous writings about wine and tea. The ＂contribution＂ of tobacco to Qing literary creation was still greatly underestimated.

关 键 词：淡巴菰 烟草 清代文学 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]