中国生物质能源植物种植现状及生物多样性保护  

Biodiversity Conservation and Cultivation of Biofuel Plants in China

作　　者：张风春[1] 李培[1] 曲来叶[2] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心,北京100035 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2012年第3期220-227,共8页Climate Change Research

基　　金：中-挪生物多样性与气候变化项目(CHN-2148 091057);国家自然科学基金项目(31170581)

摘　　要：随着国家对可再生能源的重视和扶持,我国以麻疯树等为主的能源植物种植业呈现快速的产业化发展势头。这种生物质能源植物的产业化种植可能会对生物多样性带来影响,如对生态系统与栖息地的影响等,但这些影响还存在着诸多的不确定性和争议。从防患于未然的角度,对我国的生物质能源植物种植业发展提出了相应的建议:在生物多样性敏感地区的种植规划和项目应进行生物多样性影响评价,应尽可能使用当地物种并进行合理的配置,尽可能减少大规模单一物种的种植模式,注意原有生境的完整性和生态廊道的维持;同时,需要政府部门加大科学研究支持力度并做好监测工作,以实现我国生物质能源植物种植业和生物多样性保护的双赢。The development of biofuel plant cultivation has been widely accepted as an efficient alternative way to ease energy crisis and mitigate climate change.China has released and promulgated a number of laws and policies encouraging the development of renewable energy in recent years.With emphasis and encouragement from the Chinese Government,the cultivation of biofuel plants,such as Jatropha curcas,has been extensively promoted in many areas of China.However,as an emerging industrial cultivation,there are still many uncertainties in the development of biofuel plants.It is important to examine potential problems in order to guide correctly the healthy development of the industry.The impact of industrialization of energy plant cultivation on the biodiversity in important areas is an issue that deserves attention.The possible impacts on biodiversity may include： i） impacts on the actions adopted in the national biodiversity conservation priority areas;ii） impacts on the biodiversity in important areas as well as ecosystem services;iii） impacts of extensive use of exotic species on native species and ecosystems.To address these potential threats to biodiversity,it is recommended that： i） all of the planning and projects for biofuel plant cultivation must obtain approval through strategic environmental assessment or environmental impact assessment,which includes biodiversity elements,before they are implemented;ii） large-scale mono-culture of bioenergy plantations in sensitive biodiversity areas should be avoided,and mixed cultivation of several species,preferably of native species,should be adopted;iii） ecological corridors and ecological infrastructure should be considered when the site for plantation is selected and the cultivation patterns are designed;iv） further studies on the mechanisms of biofuel plant cultivation impacts on biodiversity and on win-win approaches for biodiversity conservation and biofuel development are needed;v） monitoring of the mutual impacts of biofuel development and biod

关 键 词：生物多样性 生物质能源植物 种植 

分 类 号：S578[农业科学—作物学]