中国工业行业技能偏向型技术变化的实证检验  

Empirical Evidence on skill-biased Technological Change in China's Industry

作　　者：成艾华[1,2] 敖荣军[3] 韦燕生[4] 

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学经济学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究所,北京100005 [3]华中师范大学可持续发展研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [4]湖北大学职业技术学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2012年第5期108-113,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(编号:11CGL068);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(编号:09YJC790112);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金科研项目(编号:CCNU09A04001)

摘　　要：近年来,我国工业行业技能劳动力的需求快速增加,技能供需矛盾日益突出。虽然有文献认为技能偏向型技术变化是其中的重要原因,但是对技能偏向型技术变化存在性的规范检验几乎一片空白。本文基于经典文献提供的实证方法,以工业全行业和大中型行业为实证对象,规范检验20世纪90年代以来我国工业技术进步的技能偏向性。首先,对技能劳动力就业份额变化进行分解的结果表明,我国工业就业结构技能升级的主导因素是细分行业内而不是细分行业之间技能劳动力就业份额的变化。其次,基于我国工业经济的特性,计量检验了技术进步、对外开放和资本-技能互补性等因素对工业就业结构技能升级的影响,揭示了技术进步与技能劳动力就业份额之间显著的正相关关系。这两方面的结果验证了20世纪90年代以来我国工业行业的技能偏向型技术变化,并为技能劳动力短缺提供了基于需求角度的解释。The relative demand for skilled labors has been increasing rapidly in China＇ s industry in recent years. Many papers attributed it to the skill-biased technological change, but the empirical test on the existence of the skill-biased technological change of China＇ s industry has still lacked. Based on the micro data on all industrial and large-and-medium industrial enterprises, utilizing some empirical approaches provided by classical literature, the technological progress of China＇ s industry that is characterized by skill bias since 1990 is tested in this paper. Firstly, changes in share of skilled labor in industry since 1990 is decomposed into ＂within industry＂ shifts and ＂between industries＂ shifts, and the results show that increasing upgrading of industrial employment can be largely explained by ＂within industry＂ shifts, not by ＂between industry＂ shifts. To further investigate the causes of these shifts, changes in share of skilled labor are regressed on the technological progress （ measured by change of Total Productivity Factor, Pure Technical Progress and Information Technology respectively）, capital-output ratio and opening. Estimated coefficients are all positive, suggesting capital-skill complementarities and skill-biased technological change. The results prove that skill-biased technological change has become the main factor that leads to the skill upgrading of China industrial employment and the skill shortages in China industry.

关 键 词：技能偏向型技术变化 技能劳动力 工业行业 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济]