新疆苍耳属3种外来入侵新植物  

Three Newly Recorded Alien Invasive Plants of Xanthium in Xinjiang

作　　者：杜珍珠[1] 徐文斌[1] 阎平[1] 王少山[2] 郭一敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2012年第5期879-886,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台建设子项目(2005DKA21006)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对新疆外来入侵苍耳(Xanthium L.)的调查研究,为其科学防除、有效监控提供理论依据。【方法】通过野外考察和近6年积累的标本资料,总结主要形态鉴别特征,分析目前外来入侵苍耳的分布现状、传播扩散特点。【结果】目前在北疆地区发现新疆苍耳属有意大利苍耳(X.italicum)、刺苍耳(X.spinosum)、蒙古苍耳(X.mongolicum)等3种外来入侵植物;其株形、雌总苞(果实)在形态上有明显差异,易于识别。【结论】意大利苍耳在博乐地区比较普遍,在阿勒泰、吉木乃、石河子、昌吉、乌鲁木齐的部分地域也有一定分布面积;刺苍耳主要分布于伊犁地区各县,其次在石河子、昌吉的部分地域也有分布;蒙古苍耳仅在个别地方有零星分布,不成规模。[ Objective ] The purpose of this research was to investigate the invasive species of Xanthium in Xinjiang so as to provide a theoretical basis for controlling them in a scientific way. [ Method ] Through investigations in the wild, and according to the samples accumulated nearly six years, a summary was made about the main different morphological features, the current distribution status and how these invasive species spread and diffused. [ Result ] At present, X. italicum, X. spinosum and X. mongolicum were found in northern Xinjiang. These three are newly recorded invasive species. Significant morphological differences between these species are concentrated in female involucre （fruit） and form of the plant. [ Conclusion ] X. italicum was relatively common in the area of Bole, and it was found in Altay, Jimunai, Shihezi, Changji, Urumqi, too. X. spinosum was mainly distributed in the Yili region, and besides, it was also found in Shihezi and Changji. X. mongolicum was only scattered in certain areas but no too many.

关 键 词：新疆 入侵种 意大利苍耳 刺苍耳 蒙古苍耳 

分 类 号：S45[农业科学—植物保护]