水稻氮、磷、钾“3414”肥效试验初报  

Preliminary study on effects of N,P and K on rice by "3414" fertilizer test

作　　者：程秋华[1] 陆萍[1] 冯建忠[1] 黄海莺[1] 张蓉[1] 倪国民 

机构地区：[1]上海市嘉定区农业技术推广服务中心,嘉定201800 [2]上海市嘉定区徐行镇农业服务中心,嘉定201808

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2012年第2期137-142,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：农业部测土配方施肥补贴项目(2008)资助

摘　　要：通过采用"3414"试验完全实施方案,研究水稻在肥料吸收、利用等方面的参数。结果表明:氮素对水稻产量的影响效应主要表现为增加有效穗;磷、钾肥对水稻产量的影响主要表现为增加实粒数和千粒重;氮、磷、钾合理配施对增加水稻产量有显著作用。不同试验点间氮肥的增产率、产出率和产投比的标准差较小,而磷、钾肥各指标的标准差较大,特别是磷肥较大。植株及稻谷中氮、磷、钾含量均以施肥区比不施区高,地上部分氮、磷、钾三元素的总吸收量均以最佳施肥区最高,缺磷、缺钾区次之,缺氮区较小,无肥区最小。平均肥料利用率氮肥为32.37%,磷肥4.21%,钾肥31.35%。The field fertilizer tests with rice, including 3 factors, 4 levels and a total of 14 fertilizer treatments, were carried out in order to study the parameters for rice to absorb and utilize fertilizers. The results showed that nitrogen affected rice yield mainly by increasing effective spikes, and phosphorus and potassium affected rice yield mainly by increasing filled grains and grain weight. Rational application of N, P and K fertilizers could significantly increase rice yield. The standard devia- tions of the yield increment rate, yield per unit nutrient and output/input ratio in different test plots were relatively small by N fertilizer but large by K fertilizer, especially by P fertilizer. The N, P and K contents of rice plants and seeds in the fertilization plots were higher than those in the plots without fertilization. The total amounts of N, P and K absorbed by aerial parts of rice plants were the highest in the optimal fertilization plots, higher in the P and K deficiency plots, smaller in the N deficiency plots, and the smallest in the plots without fertilization. The average fertilizer utilization ratio was 32.37% in N, 4.21% in P and 31.35% in K.

关 键 词：水稻 肥效 产量构成因素 肥料用量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S506