芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道发育的影响  

Effect of Bacillus Preparation on Growth Performance and Gastrointestinal Development of Weaned Piglets

作　　者：辛娜[1] 张乃锋[1] 刁其玉[1] 周盟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2012年第6期901-908,共8页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：农业部“引进国际先进农业科学技术”重点项目(2011-G7);现代农业产业技术体系专项经费资助(GMZJ-2009-02)

摘　　要：本试验在断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同比例的芽孢杆菌制剂,研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道pH、小肠形态发育及盲肠和结肠内容物中VFA的影响。选择35日龄断奶仔猪96头,按性别比例一致的原则,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,每个重复为1栏。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.75%、1.50%、3.00%的芽孢杆菌制剂(即每千克日粮中含有的活菌数为0.66×1010、1.32×1010、2.64×1010 cfu),试验期35d。试验结束时,每个重复选取1头接近平均体质量的仔猪进行屠宰,迅速结扎各胃肠段分界处,测定各段pH;取十二指肠、空肠前、中、后段及回肠做肠道组织切片;收集盲肠和结肠内容物测定挥发性脂肪酸含量。结果显示:(1)芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)空肠及盲肠部分,0.75%组的pH显著低于对照组(P<0.05);盲肠部分,1.50%组的pH较对照组显著降低6.86%(P<0.05);(3)与对照组相比,0.75%组显著提高了十二指肠、空肠中段的绒毛高度(P<0.05),显著降低了空肠前段、后段的隐窝深度(P<0.05),同时,显著提高了空肠中段、后段的绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05);(4)盲肠部分,0.75%组的丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。试验结果提示:在断奶仔猪日粮中添加0.75%的芽孢杆菌制剂可降低胃肠道pH,增加盲肠中挥发性脂肪酸的含量,促进小肠形态发育,进而说明芽孢杆菌制剂可优化胃肠道环境,促进断奶仔猪健康生长。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of bacillus preparation on growth performance, gastrointestinal pH, intestine morphology development, VFA concentra- tions in the cecum and colon of weaned piglets. Ninety six 35-day-old weaned piglets were ran- domly divided into 4 groups, with 3 replications per group and 8 piglets each replication. Piglets in control group were fed basal diet. The trailⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.75%, 1.50%, 3.00% bacillus preparation, respectively. The experiment lasted for 35 d. On day 36, a piglet were slaughtered from each replication, boundaries of each gastrointestinal segment were ligated quickly to determine pH, tissues from duodenum, jejunum and ileum were obtained and used for tissue slice, cecum and colon contents were collected to determine volatile fatty acids. The results showed that： （1） There were no significant influence of bacillus prepara-tion on growth performance of piglets （P〉0.05） ; （2） Jejunum and cecum fermentation pH were significantly lower in 0.75% group than that in control group （P〈0.05） ; （3） Compared with the control group, the villus height were significantly improved in duodenum and middle section of je- junum in 0.75% group（P〈0.05）, the crypt depth were significantly lower in primal section of jejunum and distal section of jejunum in 0.75% group （P〈0.05）. In addition, the villus height/ crypt depth in middle section of jejunum and distal section of jejunum was higher in 0.75% group than that in control group; （4） Compared with the control group, propionate and total volatile fatty acid content of 0.75% group in cecum section was significantly higher （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that supplementation of bacillus preparation in weaned piglets may be benefit for the development of intestinal tract and improve the morphology and function by reducing the gastro- intestinal pH, promoting the development of intestinal morphology and increasing volatile fatty acids.

关 键 词：芽孢杆菌制剂 小肠形态发育 胃肠道pH VFA 断奶仔猪 生长性能 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]