无铅汽油推广二年来公交司售人员健康状况调查  

Investigation of the Health in Drivers and Conductors Two Years after Initiating Using Unleaded Gasoline

作　　者：袁东[1] 周伟[1] 叶舜华[1] 傅崇影 

机构地区：[1]上海医科大学环境卫生学教研室,上海200032 [2]上海强生职工医院,上海200040

出　　处：《劳动医学》2000年第1期14-17,共4页

摘　　要：了解 1 997年上海市全面推广无铅汽油后汽车尾气对职业接触人群的健康危害 ,是否无铅汽油的使用能有效地降低职业接触人群的血铅水平及影响人群的免疫功能。 [方法 ]随机抽取 794名职业接触人群及 5 32名非职业接触人群 ,进行健康问卷调查和体格检查。对收集的数据进行了卡方分析、L ogistic回归及多因素方差分析。 [结果 ]问卷调查显示汽车尾气职业接触人群的呼吸道症状的出现率高于非职业接触组 ,同时部分职业接触人群的健康体检结果显示人群的症状发生及体检结果与职业接触汽车尾气和吸烟状况有关。[结论 ]无铅汽油的汽车尾气同样可以提高职业接触人群呼吸道疾病症状发生率 ,血液免疫蛋白浓度有所增高。两组人群血铅浓度差异无显著性 ,其原因尚待进一步研究。Objective] The usage of unleaded gasoline(ULG) was initiated in Shanghai in 1997.In order to explore whether the ULG can reduce the concentration of Pb among the occupationally exposed group,and result in a good effect on the immune function.[Mothods] Epidemiological studies were carried out.First,1326 questionnaires were collected to investigate the health effect of vehicle emission using ULG on the respiratory system,including 794 from exposed workers and 532 from unexposed workers.And then the Pb level,the concentration of CO in exhaled air and levels of blood IgA,IgG were determined in the physical examination.[Results] The results indicated that vehicle emission using ULG also had adverse effects on respiratory system,and the incidence of symptoms increased significantly.The concentration of CO in exhaled air and level of blood IgA,IgG were significantly different between exposed workers and unexposed workers,this showed there was an adverse impact of vehicle emission exposure on immune function and blood hemoglobin levels.[Conclusion] According to the analysis of Logistic regression and multi anova,it was found that the exposure to motor vehicle emission has high relation with the health damage.In this investigation,blood lead level and IgM level were not significantly different between two groups,the reason needs future study.

关 键 词：无铅汽油 流行病学 健康效应 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]