小麦花药培养效率的影响因素研究  

Study on the factors affecting the anther culture efficiency of wheat

作　　者：宋运贤[1,2] 周素英[3] 杜雪玲[1] 花姝洁[1] 魏平民[3] 陈耀锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]淮北师范大学生命科学学院,安徽淮北235000 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]濉溪县农业科学研究所,安徽淮北235000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第5期62-68,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家转基因生物新品种培育项目(2008ZX08002003;2009ZX08002008B);安徽省高校省级自然科学基金项目(KJ2007B171;KJ2009B073);淮北市应用性技术研究与开发重大项目(080104)

摘　　要：【目的】研究影响小麦花药培养特性的因素,优化小麦花药培养条件,提高小麦花药培养效率。【方法】以10个普通小麦品种(系)及其16个杂交F1代花药为材料,研究了普通小麦基因型、基本培养基种类及低温预处理时间、诱导培养基附加脯氨酸和硝酸铈对小麦花药培养特性的影响。【结果】不同基因型小麦花药培养特性差异较大,供试基因型的花药反应率与愈伤组织诱导率相关性高,而两者与绿苗分化率无相关性。荔高6号×置丰0502F1、周麦16×BI0452F1、烟农19×开麦18F1、豫麦69×新麦208F1、煤生0308和皖麦41×烟农19F1有较高的绿苗产率;基本培养基种类对供试小麦花药愈伤组织诱导率、反应率、绿苗产率有显著影响,对绿苗分化率影响不显著,癸培养基小麦花药培养特性总体优于C17培养基;小麦花药低温预处理时间以0.5d最佳;在诱导培养基中加入3.0～4.5mg/L硝酸铈后,小麦花药愈伤组织诱导率提高83%～430%,绿苗产率提高82%～557%;600mg/L的脯氨酸可以使小麦花药的愈伤组织诱导率提高118%,绿苗产率提高222%。【结论】选择花药培养特性好的基因型、对花药低温预处理0.5d、在癸诱导培养基中添加4.5mg/L硝酸铈和600mg/L脯氨酸,可大幅度提高小麦花药的培养效率。【Objective】 In order to improve the anther cultural efficiency of wheat,factors affecting the culture characteristics of wheat anthers were studied.【Method】 With 10 cultivars（lines） wheat and 16 F1 hybrids as materials,the effects of genotypes,the kind of basal medium,low temperature pretreatment,proline and cerium nitrate on the wheat anther culture were studied.【Result】 The culture characteristics of wheat anthers among genotypes showed large variation.The percentage of callus induction had a high correlativity with reaction rate.But they had no correlation with green plantlet yield frequency.Six genotypes（Ligao No.6×Zhifeng 0502,Zhoumai 16×BI0452,Yannong 19×Kaimai 18,Yumai 69×Xinmai 208,Meisheng 0308,Wanmai 41×Yannong 19） had a higher green plantlet yield frequency.The kind of basal medium had significant effects on the percentage of callus induction,reaction rate and green plantlet yield frequency,but had no significant effects on the green plantlet differentiation rate.In general the Gui medium was better than C17 medium.Low temperature pretreatment for 0.5 day for anther increased the percentage of callus induction and green plantlet yield frequency.Cerium nitrate and proline had significant influence on the wheat anther culture.In the presence of 3.0-4.5 mg/L cerium nitrate,the callus induction frequency showed an increase of 83%-430% and the green plantlet yield frequency by 82%-557%.It was useful to improve callus induction frequency by 118% and green plantlet yield frequency by 222% to add 600 mg/L proline to the medium.【Conclusion】 Selecting suitable genotypes with good culture characteristics and suitable low temperature pretreatment time for 0.5 day,the anther cultural efficiency of wheat could be greatly improved by adding 4.5 mg/L cerium nitrate and 600 mg/L proline to the Gui medium.

关 键 词：小麦花药培养 愈伤组织诱导 低温预处理 硝酸铈 脯氨酸 

分 类 号：Q813.13[生物学—生物工程]