内蒙古高原荒漠区四种锦鸡儿属植物灌丛沙包形态和固沙能力比较  

Nabkha morphology and sand-fixing capability of four dominant Caragana species in the desert region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau

作　　者：张媛媛[1] 马成仓[1] 韩磊[1] 高玉葆[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生命科学学院天津市细胞遗传与分子调控重点实验室,天津300387 [2]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第11期3343-3351,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170381);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2007CB106802)

摘　　要：测定了内蒙古高原荒漠区4种锦鸡儿属优势植物(柠条锦鸡儿、狭叶锦鸡儿、荒漠锦鸡儿和垫状锦鸡儿)不同大小灌丛的灌丛形态参数、沙包形态参数和沙包体积,目的是掌握这些锦鸡儿属植物灌丛的沙包形态特征、沙包发育特征和固沙能力随着灌丛发育的变化,比较4种锦鸡儿属植物灌丛沙包的形态、发育特征和固沙能力的差异。研究发现:柠条锦鸡儿沙包形态呈球冠状,狭叶锦鸡儿沙包呈圆锥状,荒漠锦鸡儿沙包呈圆台状,垫状锦鸡儿沙包呈半球状。同种锦鸡儿属灌丛沙包的底面直径与地上枝条鲜重呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),沙包高度与地上枝条鲜重无显著相关性(P>0.05),沙包高度与植物株高呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),沙包坡角与地上枝条鲜重呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),沙包半径与沙包高度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。灌丛水平扩展快于垂向生长,灌丛沙包的水平发育也快于垂向发育。随着灌丛地上生物量的增加,4种锦鸡儿属植物不仅沙包体积增大,而且固沙效率也显著增加(P<0.01)。不同锦鸡儿属植物灌丛和沙包形态参数存在显著差异。柠条锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的灌丛水平和垂直方向成比例扩展,而荒漠锦鸡儿和垫状锦鸡儿无论灌丛面积多大,高度基本不变。随着灌丛地上枝条鲜重的增加,4种锦鸡儿灌丛沙包底面积都在增大,其中荒漠锦鸡儿增长最快,垫状锦鸡儿次之,柠条锦鸡儿排位第三,狭叶锦鸡儿增长最慢。随着灌丛沙包水平方向的扩展,荒漠锦鸡儿沙包垂向扩展最慢,最终导致其沙包垂向尺度最小;柠条锦鸡儿、垫状锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿沙包两个方向发育较为均衡。4种锦鸡儿属植物的固定沙包体积和固沙效率都表现为:荒漠锦鸡儿>柠条锦鸡儿>狭叶锦鸡儿>垫状锦鸡儿。这些研究结果表明,灌丛地上生物量的不同决定了种内沙包的体积、形态和植物固沙能力The drought-resistant shrubs Caragana korshinskii, Caragana stenophylla, Caragana roborovskyi, and Caragana tibetica, are distributed mainly in the arid and semi-arid areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. They are important plants for fodder resource, and are known as ＂lifesaving plants＂ to livestock. In addition, they play an important role in fixing sand dunes and conserving water resources. So far, however, very little attention has been paid to the factors determining the sand-fixing capability of Caragana shrubs. In this study, we explored the relationships between the morphology of shrubs and nabkhas and sand-fixing capability for the four dominant Caragana species in the desert region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The results showed that C. korshinskii nabkhas were spherical and coronary, C. stenophylla nabkhas were conical, and the nabkhas of C. roborovskyi and C. tibetica were platform and hemispherical, respectively. Within each of the four Caragana species, shrub aboveground biomass significantly correlated with both nabkhas＇ horizontal scale and slope angle （P〈0.05）, but not significantly correlated with nabkhas＇ vertical scale （P〉0.05）. Nabkhas＇ vertical scale significantly correlated with plant height （P〈0.05）. The correlation between nabkhas＇ horizontal scale and vertical scale was significant. The nabkhas＇ horizontal scale, vertical scale, and volume all increased with Caragana shrub＇s extension. And the development of shrubs and nabkhas was faster in horizontal scale than in vertical scale. The sand-fixing capability of nabkhas also increased as Caragana shrub extended. Among the four Caragana species, the morphological characteristics of shrub and nabkha were significantly different. C. korshinskii had the highest shrub height, the largest nabkhas vertical scale and the highest shrub aboveground biomass. C. roborovskyi had the largest nabkha horizontal scale, the smallest vertical scale, and the smallest slope angle. C. stenophylla and C. tibetica had rel

关 键 词：锦鸡儿 灌丛沙包 形态特征 生物量 沙包发育 固沙能力 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]