1970年代以来锡林郭勒盟草地资源空间分布格局的变化  

The Variations and Its Spatial Pattern of Grassland Changes in Xilinguole from 1975 to 2009

作　　者：巴图娜存[1,2] 胡云锋[1] 艳燕[1] 刘纪远[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国人民大学,北京100872

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第6期1017-1023,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新方向性项目(编号:KZCX2-EW-306);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40971223);科技部973计划(编号:2010CB950904)

摘　　要：在多期遥感影像与GIS的支持下,构建了内蒙古锡林郭勒盟1975年-2009年的草地现状和动态变化时空数据集,进而开展了锡林郭勒盟草地资源空间分布格局、时空变化及其驱动机制的研究。研究表明:①草地是锡林郭勒盟的主导生态系统,总面积约17.6万km2,占全区国土面积的86%;在空间分布上,自东向西,草地覆盖度逐渐降低,草地类型依次为温性草甸草原、温性草原、温性荒漠草原;②锡林郭勒盟草地生态系统动态演变的基本特征为:以2000年为界,2000年之前,草地生态系统面积持续减少;2000年之后,草地生态系统的面积减少态势得到遏制和逆转,草地资源面积开始增加;③该区草地资源时空变化受到气候变化、人类土地利用活动以及生态保护和建设工程的影响:区域气候变化是本区生态系统变化的基本驱动力,人类不合理的土地利用活动对于草地退化起了推动和促进作用,而生态保护和建设工程的介入则缓解、遏制和逆转了本区长期以来的草地退化态势。Grassland eco-system is of great significance for local,and even North China in climate control,water conservation,windbreak and sand-fixation,soil and water conservation,air cleaning,landscaping,ecological and environmental services.With the support of RS and GIS system,using remote sensing visual interpretation make interpretation on land use and land cove,and meke overlay with the data of grassland type in the scale of one millionth.Then the grassland changes database in Xilinguole including grassland current situation data and the variation of grassland that long trmporal series and high time density.And spatial pattern dynamic change of grassland in xilinguole trends for in-depth analysis.Acquired the grassland area,type of change and the change of trend,and have an exact knowledge of the spatial distribution and specific distribution.To reveal the main driving mechanism of grassland ecosystem evolutionary laws in Xilinguole,and provide scientific basis for effectiveness evaluation of ecological protection and construction and the ecological planning in the future.The study used MSS Satellite Image,TM remote sensing image in 1990,2000,2005 and the HJ-1 image in 2009.Land classification system is land use and land coverage change in Chinese Academy of Science in the 20th century,and grassland to be divided three classes：high grass coverage degree,medium grass coverage degree and low grass coverage degree.With support of geographic information system,making qualitative and quantitative analysis of spatial patterns and dynamic changes on xilinguole grassland resources.With the help of RS,GIS system and mathematical statistics,the researches show that the grassland in Xilinguole is the primary ecological system,and a meadow area of about 17.6 million square kilometres,accounting for 86%of the land area of Xilinguole.In the spacial distribution,from east to west,the grass coverage degree significantly decreased.The subclasses of guassland are temperate meadow steppe type,temperate steppe type and temperate dese

关 键 词：草地资源 空间分布 动态变化 驱动机制 锡林郭勒 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]