不同利用强度下草地植物物种多样性变化——以正镶白旗典型温性草原区为例  

Plant Diversity Change with Different Land Use Type and Land Use Intensity:Take Zheng Xiang Bai Banner as Case Study

作　　者：艳燕[1,2] 胡云锋[1] 刘越[1,3] 于国茂[1] 毕力格吉夫 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [4]内蒙古草原勘察设计研究院,呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第6期1032-1038,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新方向性项目(编号:KZCX2-EW-306);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40971223);科技部973计划项目(编号:2010CB950904)

摘　　要：采用植被群落调查方法,对位于蒙古高原东南缘的内蒙古自治区正镶白旗典型草原区开展了野外综合考察。基于调查数据,结合土地利用与土地覆被(LUCC)数据,计算分析了不同利用强度下的草地植物物种数、群落α多样性以及群落β多样性分布特征。结果表明:①草地植物的物种数量是随着利用强度增强而逐渐降低的;但禾本科和杂草类植物数量呈现出先减少后增加再减少的变化趋势、菊科植物则呈现出持续下降的变化规律;豆科植物则呈现出现增加后减少的变化规律。在生态工程区域,无论是物种总数不同科目物种数量均是最少的;②物种重要值的分布特征是:羊草、克氏针茅等建群种在背景样地中最高、随着利用强度的增加,其重要性逐渐降低,而伴生种、杂类草的重要值逐渐升高。在生态工程区,羊草的优质牧草物种重要值是最高的;③总体上,研究区草地植物群落α多样性在轻度与中度利用样方中较高,背景样方次之,重度利用样方中最低。而生态工程区,其各个指数均则介于轻度、中度利用与背景样地之间;④群落相似度指数在轻度与中度利用草地样地最高、说明两者之间没有明确的界线;而生态工程区与背景样地相似度指数较高,说明生态保护和建设工程取得阶段性成果。LUCC and the intensity is one of the main factors affecting change in plant diversity of grassland communities.Abundant recearch have promulgated that with the global climate change and human activities,the biodiversity has greatly influenced.The phenophase,behavior,distribution and the relationship between richness,population size and constracton of ecosystem have changed in different degree.As a important part of the terrestrial ecosystems,grassland ecosystem has been always the hot spot in different research field.In recent years,the study of plant diversity has got more and more scholars’attentions.So we choose the Zheng Xiang Bai Banner,the area of typical steppe and also is a typical region of Algriculture and pasture region,as the study area,to reveal the grassland plant diversity’distrbution of grazing land in different intesity and the ecologycal engineering area.By means of field survey and then combing to the LUCC data set,we study the grassland plant biodiversity’s change with the LUCC and intensity’s change in the agriculture and pasture region.The four key findings are as follows：First,the species numbers are reducing with the enhance of the land use intensity.Poaceae and frobs show the trend of first decrease then increase and decrease again.Composite plants show a trend of persisting declination.Leguminosae plants are first increasing and then decreasing.In the area of ecology construction,the both of total species number andαdiversity of plat communities is the lowest.Second,the importants value of species change with the different LUCC and the intensity.In the background sample,the leymus chinensis and Stipa krylovii have the highest value,but keep dropping with the strengthening of land use intensity.Concomitant species of the communities and the frobs’important value are increasing.While in the ecology construction area,the important value of eymus chinensis is the highest.Third,the samples of slightly and moderate used land have the highestαdiversity of plat communities,that of

关 键 词：生物多样性 土地利用 利用强度 典型草原 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]