内蒙古生态保护工程对农牧民生产生活方式的影响  

Impact of Ecological Conservation Program on Lifestyle Changes of Households in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：吴睿子[1,2] 甄霖[1] 杜秉贞[3] 胡云峰[1] 闫慧敏[1] 曹晓昌[1,2] 龙鑫[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]瓦格宁根大学

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第6期1049-1061,共13页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目:"生态服务功能的梯度消耗与环境响应"(编号:KZCX2-EW-306);科技部973计划(编号:2009CB421106)

摘　　要：农牧民是生态工程的参与者和受影响者,其对生态工程成效的评价、对未来生态工程措施的选择倾向具有重要的决策参考价值。本文从内蒙古生态工程项目政策产生社会经济效益的角度出发,研究了1995年至2010年来农牧民生产生活变化情况及其原因。结果表明:呼伦贝尔、锡林郭勒以及鄂尔多斯三个地区的农牧户家庭拥有耕地均大量减少,生产方式向集约型生产方式转变,生产投入增加,总体呈现"减产、提效、增收"趋势,其中呼伦贝尔地区以牧业为主,锡林郭勒地区农牧并重,而鄂尔多斯地区牧户减少,打工人口比重增加;食物消费整体上向结构多元化、营养均衡化发展,肉类消费倾向有所不同,与各地区民族饮食习惯密切相关;家畜干粪的用量正在减少,煤炭、天然气以及电等便捷能源消费逐渐增多。其中,呼伦贝尔地区干粪消费比重仍然很大,锡林郭勒地区秸秆、薪柴消费比重较大,鄂尔多斯地区以煤炭消费为主;农牧民意愿调查分析结果显示,居民满意度由高到低依次为鄂尔多斯地区、呼伦贝尔和锡林郭勒,满意度水平与户均收入高低成正比关系;三个地区多数农牧民对草原生态环境和牲畜养殖抱消极态度,且其下一代倾向于脱离农牧业生产生活、移居至城市。As the participants and affected persons of ecological conservation program in the Inner Mongolia,local households should be involved when we assess the effects and efficiency of those ecological projects and their comments and wills should be highly concerned when government makes decisions on the future ecological policy.In this study,we used questionnaire-based investigation and positivist analysis methods to inspecting the production and livelihood changes in the three typical grassland transects from 1995 to 2010 since ecological policy applied and analyzed their reasons.The survey covered 209 families in 3 countries of Inner Mongolia（Hulun Buir,Xilin Gol and Ordos）.The results showed that：1）The family-owned farmland per household was significant reduced in all three regions of Hulun Buir,Xilin Gol and Ordos,in which the production shift to intensive production modes.And the inputs of production was increased.A general trend is that family income and the productivities of tillage and husbandry were promoted after the implementation of ecological project,though the gross yields of grain and livestock were decreased.Hulun Buir region mainly relied on animal husbandry,agriculture and animal husbandry are both the dominated economic activities in Xilin Gol area.A great reduction on the income of agricultural and animal breeding has been shown in Ordos region,however,the proportion of income from Migrant job has increased;2）Food consumption structure shifted to the preference of divers and nutritionally balanced development,especially more vegetables and fruits.While the different propensity for consuming meat are closely related with the regional national eating habits.In Hulun Buir region,the mutton consumption was decreased and cereals increased because of the grazing restriction policy.In Ordos region the mutton and beef consumption decreased and the pork consumption increased,since there had larger han population;3）The amount of livestock dung was being reduced and convenient energy consumption o

关 键 词：生态保护工程 农牧民 生产生活 内蒙古 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171