精神疾病与农村青年自杀：湖南、辽宁、山东省病例对照抽样调查  

Mental disorder and suicide among youths in rural China： a case control study based on consecutive samples from Hunan, Liaoning and Shandong provinces

作　　者：张杰 李子尧[1,3] 肖水源[4] 周亮[4] 贾存显[1] 潘国伟[5] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学公共卫生学院自杀预防研究中心,济南250012 [2]美国纽约州立大学布法罗分院社会学系 [3]山东省疾病预防控制中心 [4]中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院 [5]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2012年第6期588-592,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：基金项目：美国国立卫生研究院资助课题（NIH/NIMH：R01MH068560）

摘　　要：目的探讨精神疾病及其他因素对自杀的影响情况。方法在湖南、辽宁、山东省随机抽取16个县进行自杀的序贯抽样。2005--2008年共收取并访谈392个自杀案例和416个相同年龄段与自杀案例临村的随机对照。采用心理解剖方法访谈自杀死亡者亲友，同样方法和结构性工具访谈社区对照的2名信息人。利用SCID中文版作为精神科的诊断工具。结果392例农村青年自杀者中，仅有48．0％自杀前一个月曾患有精神疾病，而416例社区对照组中精神疾病的现患率仅为3．8％。在众多的危险因素和保护因素中，精神疾病仍是中国农村青年自杀最重要的危险因素。结论精神疾病在中国是自杀的最重要相关因素；与西方不同，其他社会和心理因素在中国相对重要，也应引起充分重视。Objective To study the prevalence of mental disorders among the Chinese youths aged 15-34 years, in rural areas and to identify risk factors related to suicide. Methods A consecutive sampling strategy was used for suicidal cases in 16 randomly selected counties in Hunan, Liaoning, and Shandong provinces. Between 2005 and 2008, a total of 392 suicide cases were recruited with 416 community controls at the same age range, selected from the same areas one family member together with one close friend of each suicidal case were interviewed, using the psychological autopsy （PA） method. The same method with structured instruments was performed on the two informants for each control in the same community. SC1D was used for the diagnosis of mental disease. Results 48.0% of the suicides were diagnosed as having at least one mental disorder episode, in comparison with only 3.8% among the controls. It was found that mental disorder was the most important risk factor for the Chinese young suicide cases in the rural areas. Conclusion As seen in the Western countries, mental disorder had also been the number one correlate on suicidal cases in China, with the difference as other social and psychological factors might have played relatively more important roles in China.

关 键 词：自杀 精神疾病 心理解剖 青年人 农村 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R749[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]