居民阶梯电价结构与水平设计的模型研究  

Design Model for Residential Block Electricity Pricing Structure and Level

作　　者：黄海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海电力学院电力工程与自动化学院,上海200090

出　　处：《华东电力》2012年第5期721-727,共7页East China Electric Power

基　　金：上海高校青年教师培养资助计划项目(sdl11001)~~

摘　　要：结合我国收入差距和福利低电价的特点,探讨了居民阶梯电价的分档结构及统一式结构的局限性;在财政补贴、居民心理和经济承受力约束下,综合协调节能减排、成本补偿与公平分配多目标,构建了一整套分档式居民阶梯电价方案。该方案结合家庭电器设备估算法、户月均用电量概率统计分析和密度聚类法,综合确定了分档结构与各阶梯分段电量的水平;应用长期边际成本定价方法和拉姆齐定价原理,建立了基于混合边际成本的居民用电成本模型及拉姆齐优化价格模型,确定了各阶梯电价水平。算例验证表明该模型较统一式阶梯电价更为公平、合理与有效。Considering the Chinese characteristics of income gap and low welfare electricity price, this paper explores the structure of residential block electricity tariff and the limitations of the unified structure. Then a complete pricing program for tiered residential block tariff is proposed, which complies with constraints of financial subsidies, residen- tial psychological and economic affordability, and which coordinates with the multiple objectives including the energy conservation and emission reduction, cost recovery and fair distribution. The program integrates with power estimation method for household electrical appliances, the statistical analysis of monthly average household electricity consump- tion and probability density clustering technology, and can determine the level of tiered structure and the consumption level of each block. In addition, the long-run marginal cost pricing and Ramsey pricing principles are applied to es- tablish the residential electricity cost model based on hybrid marginal cost and the Ramsey pricing optimization model, which can determine the price level of each block. Finally the calculation case verifies that this model is more fair, reasonable and effective than the unified block tariff.

关 键 词：居民阶梯电价 分档结构 长期边际成本 拉姆齐原理 

分 类 号：F407.61[经济管理—产业经济]