不同施氮方式对春玉米产量、氮素吸收及经济效益的影响  

Effects of various nitrogen managements on grain yield,nitrogen uptake and economic benefits of spring maize in Northeast China

作　　者：刘占军[1] 李书田[1] 周卫[1] 谢佳贵[2] 张宽[2] 王秀芳[2] 侯云鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究中心,吉林长春130124

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2012年第3期59-64,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家973计划课题"肥料减施增效与农田可持续利用基础研究"(2007CB109308)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了不同施氮方式(习惯施氮量、推荐施氮量及等氮量下有机肥替代)对春玉米产量、氮素吸收及经济效益的影响。结果表明:施氮能显著提高春玉米产量,2008年和2009年分别提高11.2%～16.8%、10.9%～24.2%。等氮量下,30%有机肥氮替代模式能够维持或显著提高春玉米产量。除2009年推荐施氮量下有机肥氮替代处理春玉米产量低于习惯施氮量外,其它相同施氮模式间春玉米产量均无显著差异。有机肥氮替代模式氮素吸收量和肥料利用率较等氮量下100%化肥氮偏低,但施氮效益较高,因此,有机肥氮部分替代化肥氮可作为东北春玉米的有效施氮措施。Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of various nitrogen managements partly substituted organic fertilizer nitrogen in traditional and recommended nitrogen rate on grain yield,nitrogen uptake and economic benefits of spring maize.Results showed that all the treatments with nitrogen applied significantly increased grain yield by 11.2%~16.8%,10.9%~24.2% in 2008 and 2009,respectively.Under the same nitrogen rate,yield of the patterns with 30% of N substitution by organic fertilizer N were equal（in 2008）and significantly higher than full chemical nitrogen applications.No differences between maize yield of the same pattern in both traditional and recommended nitrogen rate except that 30% of N substitution by organic fertilizer N in recommended rate was lower than traditional rate in 2009.Both nitrogen uptake and N use efficiency of patterns with 30% of substitution by organic fertilizer N were low compared with full chemical nitrogen applications,but the economic benefits was high.Organic fertilizer N substitution for 30% of chemical N could consider as one of the effective nitrogen managements on spring maize in Northeast China.

关 键 词：有机肥氮替代 产量 氮素吸收 经济效益 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]